关于建立普遍意义的附条件程序出罪制度的思考

Reflections on Establishment the Universal System of Conditional Procedure Acquittal

程序出罪的规模化现象,使我国不附条件不起诉欠缺正当性或正当性不足的特征突显。这必然影响规模化程序出罪的持久性、稳定性,也会形成轻微犯罪治理质效逐渐劣化的趋势。司法规范实际确定了具有相当普遍意义的附条件程序出罪规则,及时弥补了立法的缺陷,修正了规模化程序出罪正当性不足的偏差,也为建立普遍意义的附条件程序出罪制度积累了经验。普遍意义的附条件程序出罪制度,应由附条件不启动刑事追诉程序和附条件终止刑事追诉程序构成,具体包含附条件不予立案、附条件撤销案件、附条件不起诉几种具体的程序出罪方式。以不同等级的附条件不起诉取代酌定不起诉、情节显著轻微不起诉,是建立普遍意义附条件不起诉的关键。

The large-scale phenomenon of procedural acquittal has highlighted the lack of legitimacy or insufficient legitimacy of unconditional non-prosecution in China.This will inevitably affect the durability and stability of large-scale procedural acquittal,and also form a trend of gradual deterioration in the quality and efficiency of minor crime governance.Judicial norms have actually established rules for conditional procedural acquittal with considerable universal significance,timely compensating for legislative defects,correcting the deviation of insufficient legitimacy in large-scale procedural acquittal,and accumulating experience for the establishment of a universal conditional procedural acquittal system.The universal conditional procedural acquittal system should consist of conditional non-initiation of criminal prosecution procedures and conditional termination of criminal prosecution procedures,specifically including conditional non-filing of cases,conditional dismissal of cases,and conditional non-prosecution as specific procedural acquittal methods.Replacing discretionary non-prosecution and non-prosecution for minor offenses with different levels of conditional non-prosecution is the key to establishing a universal conditional non-prosecution system.