马尾松组培苗幼林采脂试验分析

Analysis on resin collection test of young forest of Pinus massoniana tissue culture seedlings

【目的】研究马尾松组培苗幼林产脂量与生长性状间的变化规律和松脂主要组分及含量特征,为马尾松早期利用和高产优质脂用原料林培育提供试验依据。【方法】以7年生马尾松组培苗人工林为研究对象,设置标准地开展采脂试验,测定胸径和树高,计算单株材积和产脂量,进行不同径级(树高级)间的产脂量比较分析,并拟合产脂量与径级和树高方程;通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC/MS)检测松脂样品主要化学组分和含量。【结果】7年生马尾松组培苗幼林平均产脂量为15.9 g·d^(-1)·株^(-1)。不同径级产脂量间差异显著(P<0.05),随林木径级增大产脂量随之增加,呈一元线性关系(R^(2)=0.99);不同树高级产脂量随树高增大而增加,呈幂函数关系(R^(2)=0.98)。胸径、树高和材积与产脂量间相关性极显著(P<0.01),可以实现同步改良。7年生马尾松组培苗幼林单位面积可采脂林木数量和产脂量分别是同等条件下实生苗林分的1.9倍和1.8倍。在40%的强度下,采脂对林木生长的影响尚未表现出明显差异。兼顾产脂量和生长性状,马尾松组培苗幼林起始采脂径级以18 cm径级为宜。从组培苗林分松脂样品中共检出α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、长叶烯、石竹烯、海松酸、山达海松酸、枞酸等单萜、倍半萜和二萜类化学物质22种,其主要组分及含量与常规经营中龄以上马尾松林分松脂基本一致。【结论】该立地条件下营造的7年生马尾松组培苗幼林产脂量、松脂品质已基本满足行业需求,在规范采脂的前提下可对其进行生产性采脂利用。采用马尾松组培苗造林在提早采脂和增加单位面积松脂产量方面具有较大的优势和潜力,为实现马尾松的早期化利用和松脂原料林的高质量培育提供了新的选择。

【Objective】The variation law of resin yield and growth traits of Pinus massoniana tissue culture seedlings and the main components and contents of characteristics of resin were studied to provide experimental basis for the early utilization of P.massoniana and the cultivation of high-yield and high-quality resin raw material forest.【Method】Taking 7-year-old P.massoniana tissue culture seedling plantation as the research object,a standard plot was set up to carry out the resin tapping test,the DBH and tree height were measured,the volume and resin yield per plant were calculated,the resin yield among different diameter classes(tree height)was compared and analyzed,and the equation of resin yield with diameter class and tree height was fitted.The main chemical components and contents of resin samples were detected by gas chromatograaphy/mass spectrometry(GC/MS).【Result】The average resin yield of 7-year-old P.massoniana tissue culture seedlings plantation was 15.9 g/d·plant.There were significant differences in lipid yield among different diameter classes(P<0.05),and the lipid yield increased with the increase of tree diameter class,showing a linear relationship(R^(2)=0.99).The average resin yield of different trees height classes increased with the increase of tree height,showing a power function relationship(R^(2)=0.98).The correlation between DBH,tree height,volume and resin yield was extremely significant(P<0.01),which could achieve synchronous improvement.The number of resin-recoverable trees per unit area and resin yield per unit area of P.massoniana tissue culture seedling plantation were 1.9 times and 1.8 times that of seedlings stand under the same conditions,respectively.At 40%intensity,the effect of resin tapping on forest growth had not shown significant difference.Taking into account the resin yield and growth traits,the initial resin collection diameter grade of young forest of P.massoniana tissue culture seedlings should be 18.0 cm diameter class.A total of 22 kinds of monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes and diterpenes such asα-pinene,β-pinene,longifolene,caryophyllene,pimaric acid,sadapimaric acid and abietic acid were detected from the pine resin samples of tissue culture seedlings.The main components and contents of pine resin in tissue culture seedling stand were basically the same as those of pine resin in the middle-age and above P.massoniana stand.【Conclusion】The resin yield and resin quality of 7-year-old tissue culture seedlings of P.massoniana under the site conditions have basically met the needs of the industry.Under the premise of standardized resin collection,it can be used for productive resin collection.The afforestation of P.massoniana tissue culture seedlings has great advantages and potential in early resin extraction and increasing the yield of resin per unit area,which provides a new choice for the early utilization of P.massoniana and the high-quality cultivation of pine resin raw material forest.