生态文明视域下湘西少数民族的制度性生态民俗

Institutional Ecological Folk Custom of Ethnic Minorities in Xiangxi,Hunan Province from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

制度性生态民俗是指以制度规则为主要内容的生态民俗,属于非正式制度的范畴,相对于普通生态民俗而言,具有规范性、补充性和调整性等典型特征。以调整对象和规制目的为依据,可将湘西的制度性生态民俗大致分为三大类型:一是主要调整“人-神”关系的自然禁忌型生态民俗,如苗族的枫树禁忌民俗;二是主要调整“民-民”关系的村民公约型生态民俗,如禁止越界砍伐林木的苗族榔规;三是主要调整“人-天(自然)”关系的技术规则型生态民俗,如侗族的“林粮间作”民俗。在新时代推进生态文明建设和中国传统文化传承发展,应增强对制度性生态民俗的文化自觉,推进湘西少数民族传统生态文化的创造性转化和创新性发展。

Institutional ecological folk custom refers to ecological folklore primarily characterized by institutional rules,falling within the realm of informal institutions.It exhibits distinctive features such as being normative,supplementary and adjusting and other typical characteristics when compared to conventional ecological folk customs.According to the targeted adjustment objects and regulatory purposes,institutional ecological folk customs in Xiangxi of Hunan Province can be divided into three major types.Firstly,natural taboo type of ecological folk custom primarily adjusting the relationship between"man and God",exemplified by the Miao nationality's taboo on cutting maple trees;secondly,the villager's conventional type of ecological folk custom mainly adjusting the relationship between"man and man",exemplified by the Miao Nationality's Langgui Treaty prohibiting cross-border tree logging;thirdly,the technical rule type of ecological folk custom primarily adjusting the relationship between"man and nature",exemplified by the Dong nationality's folk custom of"intercropping of forest and grain".In the new era of ecological civilization,there is a need to enhance cultural awareness of institutional ecological folk custom and promote the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional ecological culture among ethnic minorities in Xiangxi,Hunan Province.