蛋内注射硒和维生素E对1日龄肉鸡抗氧化性能和免疫性能的影响

Effects of selenium and vitamin E injected into eggs on antioxidant and immune performance of 1⁃day⁃old broiler chickens

为研究胚蛋内注射硒和维生素E对1日龄肉鸡抗氧化性能和免疫性能的影响,试验选取240枚重量相近的黄羽肉鸡种蛋,随机分为4组:对照组(生理盐水)、硒组(20 mg硒/枚)、维生素E组(5 mg维生素E/枚)和混合组(20 mg硒+5 mg维生素E/枚),孵化至10胚龄时,于胚蛋卵黄囊内注射四种不同物质,统计出雏情况并检测1日龄肉鸡相关指标.结果显示,与对照组相比,混合注射硒和维生素E显著增加了1日龄肉鸡胸肌指数和肝指数(P<0.05),三个试验组均显著增加了脾指数(P<0.05);维生素E组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)、硒组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH⁃Px)和混合组血清CAT、GSH⁃Px、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性显著升高(P<0.05);在肝中,维生素E组GSH⁃Px和硒组SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);维生素E组肝CAT、SOD、GSH⁃Px、核因子红细胞系2相关因子2(Nrf2)、肿瘤坏死因子⁃α(TNF⁃α)和干扰素⁃γ(IFN⁃γ)等基因表达显著上调(P<0.05),混合组肝CAT、Nrf2和白细胞介素⁃1β(IL⁃1β)的基因表达显著上调(P<0.05).结果表明,蛋内注射硒和维生素E显著提高了1日龄肉鸡的抗氧化和免疫性能,并促进了雏鸡组织器官的生长发育,硒和维生素E联合注射效果优于单独注射.该研究为硒和维生素E在早期应用于鸡胚,从而提高雏鸡的抗氧化和免疫性能提供了科学理论依据.

To investigate the effects of selenium and vitamin E injected into embryonic eggs on antioxidant and immune perform⁃ance of 1⁃day⁃old chickens,240 yellow⁃feathered broiler eggs with similar weight were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups:The control group(normal saline),selenium group(20 mg selenium per egg),VE group(5 mg vitamin E per egg)and mixed group(20 mg selenium+5 mg vitamin E per egg)were incubated to 10 embryo age,and four different substances were injected into the yolk sac of the embryonic eggs.After hatching,the chickens were counted and the related indexes of 1⁃day⁃old broilers were detected.The results showed that compared with the control group,the breast muscle index and liver index of broil⁃ers at 1 day of age significantly increased in the mixed group(P<0.05),the spleen index significantly increased in the three experimental groups(P<0.05);The activities of serum catalase(CAT),serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH⁃Px)in VE group,serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH⁃Px)in selenium group and serum CAT,GSH⁃Px and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in mixed group significantly increased(P<0.05);In liver,the activity of GSH⁃Px in VE group and SOD in Se group signifi⁃cantly increased(P<0.05).;Liver expression levels of CAT,SOD,GSH⁃Px,nuclear factor erythrocyte line 2 associated factor 2(Nrf2),tumor necrosis factor⁃α(TNF⁃α)and interferon⁃γ(IFN⁃γ)in VE group were significantly up⁃regulated(P<0.05),the gene expressions of CAT,Nrf2 and interleukin⁃1β(IL⁃1β)in liver of mixed group were significantly up⁃regulated(P<0.05).The results showed that selenium and VE injected in eggs significantly improved the antioxidant and immune prop⁃erties of 1⁃day⁃old broilers,and promoted the growth and development of tissues and organs of chicks.The effect of selenium and VE combined injection was better than that of individual injection.This study provided a scientific basis for the early application of selenium and VE to chicken embryos to improve the antioxidant and immune properties of chickens.