干部激励的行为科学视角:“助推”“自我助推”以及“助推+”工具的理论与实践

Behavioral Science Perspective on Motivating Officials:Theory and Practice of“Nudge”“Self-Nudge”and“Nudge+”Tools

干部激励是公共管理理论与实践的重要问题。面对当前干部行为管理方法存在的问题,采用行为科学视角,以行为干预的现实问题和研究前沿为切入关注和探讨干部激励问题尤为重要。论述行为干预工具的理论基础,并且着重介绍“助推”“自我助推”“助推+”等三种当前广泛受到关注的实践工具。通过厘清行为干预工具的主要特点与相对特色,本文提出干部激励的行为干预工具的选择逻辑、实践流程以及使用要点,为我国干部管理实践提供切实有效的激励工具,使政府部门管理者走出部分传统激励方式的偏离、低效,真正成为能有效干预干部行为的“行为设计者”。

Motivating officials is a significant issue in theory and practice of public administration.To solve the problems in current methods of cadre behavior management,this paper adopts a behavioral science perspective.It focuses on the practical issues and research frontiers of behavioral intervention to explore cadre motivation,discussing the theoretical foundations of behavioral intervention tools.It particularly introduces three widely recognized practical tools:nudge,self-nudge,and nudge+.By clarifying the main characteristics and relative features of these behavioral intervention tools,the paper proposes a logic for selecting cadre motivation tools,outlines their practical processes,and highlights key points for their use.This provides effective motivational tools for China’s cadre management practices,enabling government managers to avoid beyond some of the deviations and inefficiencies of traditional motivational methods.It is to truly become“behavioral designers”effectively intervening in cadre behavior.