南麂列岛野生药用植物区系与资源多样性

Diversity and Floral Characteristics of Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in Nanji Islands

目的:了解南麂列岛野生药用植物资源的多样性现状,为其野生药用植物资源的保护和利用提供参考依据。方法:通过实地考察及相关资料的收集整理确定南麂列岛野生药用植物名录,应用R/T值、主成分分析和分层聚类分析法对南麂列岛野生药用植物区系的过渡性及其与相邻地区药用植物区系谱的关系进行定量分析,并进行野生药用植物药用部位、药味、药用功能分析。结果:南麂列岛共有野生药用维管植物89科275属382种,被子植物占绝对优势;优势科以菊科、禾本科、豆科为主;生活型以多年生草本药用植物为主;区系性质具有明显热带性质(R/T=1.61),主要以泛热带成分为主,北温带成分为辅,表现出一定的过渡性质。同时,主成分分析和聚类分析的结果显示,南麂列岛与同为海岛的花鸟岛药用植物区系较为相似,推测与海岛所处的地理位置以及较为强烈的人为干扰有关。野生药用植物药用部位全株、根及叶的占比较大,分别占总种数的63.35%、31.41%、26.96%。苦味的野生药用植物是总种数的59.95%,占比最高。野生药用植物药用功能解毒杀虫止痒类占比最大,为总种数的21.32%。结论:南麂列岛野生药用植物资源种类组成丰富,优势类群明显,具有极高的开发利用价值,加强优势物种的培育和重点类群的保护,限制外来入侵植物的影响,对南麂列岛野生药用植物资源的合理开发和有效保护具有重要意义。

Objective:In order to understand the diversity of wild medicinal plant resources in Nanji Islands and to provide a reference basis for the conservation and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources.Methods:The list of wild medicinal plants in Nanji Islands was determined through field investigation and collation of relevant data.The R/T value,principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to quantitatively analysis the transitional nature of wild medicinal plant flora of Nanji Islands and its relationship with the medicinal plant flora spectrum of adjacent areas and conducted analysis on the medicinal parts,taste,and functions of wild medicinal plants.Results:There were 382 species of wild medicinal vascular plants belonging to 275 genera and 89 families in Nanji Islands,with angiosperms being predominant.Asteraceae,Gramineae and Leguminosae were the dominant families.Perennial herbaceous medicinal plants were predominant in life form.The flora showed obvious tropical characteristics(R/T=1.61),mainly composed of Pantropic,supplemented by North Temperate,and showed a certain transitional characteristic.Meanwhile,the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the medicinal plant flora of the Nanji Islands was more similar to that of the Huaniao Island,both being islands,which might be related to their geographical locations and intense human disturbances.Medicinal parts of wild medicinal plants included the whole plant,roots,and leaves,account for a large proportion,respectively occupying 63.35%,31.41%,and 26.96% of the total species.Bitter-tasting wild medicinal plants accounted for the highest proportion,accounting for 59.95% in all species.Medicinal functions of wild medicinal plants related to detoxification,insecticidal,and anti-itch properties account for the largest proportion,representing 21.32% of the total species.Conclusion:The species composition of wild medicinal plant resources in Nanji Islands is rich,and the dominant taxa were obvious,which had high development and utilization value.Strengthen the cultivation of dominant species and the protection of dominant taxa to limit the impact of invasive alien plants.It was of great significance for rational development and effective protection of wild medicinal plant resources in Nanji Islands.