基于AHP的呼伦贝尔草原野生花卉综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Wild Flowers in Hulunbuir Grassland Based on AHP

目的:为丰富呼伦贝尔地区园林植物多样性,筛选出观赏价值高、具有地域特色的乡土花卉种类。方法:采用AHP法对呼伦贝尔草原230种野生花卉进行综合评价。选取花果观赏价值、茎叶观赏价值和开发价值3个方面共13个评价指标,建立呼伦贝尔草原野生花卉综合评价模型,利用层次分析软件在构建判断矩阵的基础上,计算各评价指标总权重,并通过野外观测结果对评价指标进行赋分,最后计算每种植物的综合得分,并进行分级。结果:①各约束层对目标层的权重大小排序为花果观赏价值>开发价值>茎叶观赏价值。②13个标准层评价因素中,花果色、花径、抗逆性、花果量和株型对野生花卉的观赏性影响最大。结论:根据评价结果,呼伦贝尔草原野生花卉被评为Ⅰ级的花卉如苦马豆、掌叶白头翁、大花剪秋萝、多叶棘豆、斑花杓兰、细叶百合、尖萼耧斗菜、大花杓兰等具有很高的观赏价值,可以大面积驯化栽培供园林观赏。被评为Ⅱ级的野生花卉如野鸢尾、短瓣金莲花、大花银莲花、柳兰、高山紫菀、野火球、达乌里黄芪、返顾马先蒿、紫斑风铃草、紫花野菊、美花风毛菊、红轮狗舌草和山萝花等具有较高观赏价值,可以适度地栽培利用。

Objective:In order to enrich the diversity of garden plants in the Hulunbuir and screen out local flower species with high ornamental value and regional characteristics.Methods:The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method was used to comprehensively evaluate 230 wild flowers in the Hulunbuir grassland.A comprehensive evaluation model for wild flowers in Hulunbuir grassland was established by selecting 13 evaluation indicators from three aspects:ornamental value of flowers and fruits,ornamental value of stems and leaves,and development potential.Based on the construction of a judgment matrix using AHP,the total weight of each evaluation index was calculated,and the evaluation index was scored through field observation results.Finally,the comprehensive score of each plant was calculated and graded.Results:The order of weight of each constraint layer to the target layer was ornamental value of flowers and fruits,development value,and ornamental value of stems and leaves.Among the 13 standard layer evaluation factors,flower and fruit color,diameter of flowers,antireversion force,flower and fruit quantity,and plant appearance had the greatest impact on the ornamental value of wild flowers.Conclusions:According to the evaluation results,wild flowers in the Hulunbuir grassland had been rated as Grade I flowers,such as Sphaerophysa salsula,Pulsatilla patens var.Multifida,Lychnis fulgens,Oxytropis myriophylla,Cypripedium guttatum,Lilium pumilum,Aquilegia oxysepala,Cypripedium macranthos,which had high ornamental value and could be domesticated and cultivated on a large scale for garden viewing.Wild flowers rated as Grade II,such as Iris dichotoma,Trollius ledebouri,Anemone silvestris,Epilobium angustifolium,Aster alpinus,Trifolium lupinaster,Astragalus dahuricus,Pedicularis resupinata,Campanula punctate,Chrysanthemum zawadskii,Saussurea ulchella,Senecio flammeus,Melampyrum roseum,had high ornamental value and could be moderately cultivated and utilized.