以肺外为首次转移部位的头颈部腺样囊性癌患者的临床、预后特征及危险因素分析

Analysis of clinical and prognostic characteristics and risk factors of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck with extrapulmonary as the initial site

目的总结分析以肺外为首次远处转移部位的腺样囊性癌患者的临床特征及预后情况,并探寻相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析并收集2002年1月~2020年12月就诊于北京同仁医院,病理明确诊断为腺样囊性癌患者126例,其中首次远处转移部位为肺外的患者21例,首次远处转移部位为肺的患者105例。此外,自美国国立癌症研究所监测,流行病学和最终结果(SEER)数据库中提取2010~2019年病理明确诊断为腺样囊性癌患者的临床数据进行预后分析。结果单因素分析显示N分级、是否伴随神经症状、病理组织学分型、分级、Ki67、神经侵犯、p63情况与肺外转移相关(χ²=5.385、9.888、20.485、15.579、8.711、5.476、5.280,P均<0.05)。多因素条件Logistic回归分析结果显示N分级、病理分级、神经症状与肺外转移风险增高存在相关性。生存分析显示首发肺外转移组的累积生存率、累积无进展生存率更低(P均<0.05)。结论腺样囊性癌首次转移部位与N分级、病理分级、神经症状多因素综合作用有关,实性型及伴高级别转化患者更易发生肺外转移。首次转移部位为肺外的患者远期预后较差。

OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical profile,prognosis,and risk factors of extrapulmonary metastasis in adenoid cystic carcinoma patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 126 patients diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma at Beijing Tongren Hospital between January 2002 and December 2020.Of these patients,21 cases had metastases outside the lungs as their initial site of metastasis,while 105 cases had lungs as the initial site of distant metastasis.In addition,clinical data of patients diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database in the United States from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed for prognosis.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that factors such as N stage,neurological symptoms,pathological subtype,grading,Ki67,neural invasion,and p63 status were associated with extrapulmonary metastasis(χ^(2)=5.385,9.888,20.485,15.579,8.711,5.476,5.280;all P values<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that N stage,pathological grading,and neurological symptoms were correlated with an increased risk of extrapulmonary metastasis.Survival analysis indicated lower cumulative survival and progression-free survival rates in the initial extrapulmonary metastasis group(both P values<0.05).CONCLUSION The initial metastasis site in adenoid cystic carcinoma is associated with multiple factors including N stage,pathological grading,and neurological symptoms.Patients displaying a solid subtype and those accompanied by high-grade transformation are more prone to extrapulmonary metastasis.Patients with extrapulmonary metastasis as their initial diagnosis typically exhibit poorer prognosis.