饲粮代谢能水平对14~17周龄北京油鸡血清抗氧化、免疫指标及肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响

Effects of Dietary Metabolizable Energy Level on Serum Antioxidant,Immune Indexes and Muscle Free Amino Acid Content of Beijing You Chicken Aged from 14 to 17 Weeks

试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对14~17周龄北京油鸡血清抗氧化和免疫指标及肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响。选取13周龄北京油鸡600只(公母各半),随机分为3组,每组200只。组内各性别分别设置5个重复。3个处理组分别饲喂低代谢能(12.20 MJ/kg)、中代谢能(12.64 MJ/kg)、高代谢能(13.08 MJ/kg)3种不同的日粮。预试期1周,正试期4周(14~17周龄)。结果显示:①饲粮代谢能水平和性别对血清过氧化物酶活性有显著交互作用(P<0.05),中代谢能组母鸡过氧化物酶活性显著高于中代谢能组公鸡(P<0.05);性别对血清超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),母鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于公鸡(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著低于公鸡(P<0.05);②代谢能水平和性别对血清IgA、IgG、IgM、γ-干扰素含量有显著交互作用(P<0.05),饲粮代谢能水平对血清IgA、IgM、白细胞介素-6含量有显著影响(P<0.05);中代谢能组IgA含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);低代谢能组IgM含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);高代谢能组白细胞介素-6含量显著高于其他两组(P<0.05)。性别对血清IgA、IgG、α-干扰素含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。母鸡IgA和α-干扰素含量显著高于公鸡(P<0.05)。公鸡IgG含量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。③饲粮代谢能水平和性别对14~17周龄北京油鸡肌肉中部分游离氨基酸含量有显著影响(P<0.05),且在中代谢能水平下含量最高;公鸡总氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。研究表明:代谢能水平对14~17周龄北京油鸡血清抗氧化指标无显著影响;代谢能为13.08 MJ/kg时,免疫性能较好;代谢能为12.64 MJ/kg时,肌肉游离氨基酸含量最高,甜味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量最高,味道更鲜,品质最优;从游离氨基酸含量分析,公鸡较母鸡风味更佳。

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different dietary metabolizable energy levels on serum antiox⁃idant and immune indexes and muscle free amino acid contents of Beijing You chicken aged from 14 to 17 weeks.A total of 60013-week-age Beijing You chickens(half male and half female)were randomly divided into 3 groups with 200 chickens in each group.There were 5 replicates for each sex in the group.The three treatment groups were fed with low metabolizable energy(12.20 MJ/kg),medium metabolizable energy(12.64 MJ/kg)and high metabolizable energy(13.08 MJ/kg)diets,respectively.The pre-feeding pe⁃riod was 1 week and the formal trial period was 4 weeks(14 to 17 weeks of age).The results showed as follows:①Different levels of metabolizable energy and sex had significant interaction on serum peroxidase activity(P<0.05),the peroxidase activity of medi⁃um metabolizable energy group was the highest and significantly higher than that of medium metabolizable energy group(P<0.05);Sex had significant effect on serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities(P<0.05),serum superoxide dis⁃mutase activity of hens was significantly higher than that of roosters(P<0.05),glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly low⁃er than that of roosters(P<0.05).②Different levels of metabolizable energy and sex had significant interaction effects on serum IgA,IgG,IgM,interferon-gamma content(P<0.05).Dietary metabolizable energy level had significant differences on serum IgA,IgM and interleukin 6 content(P<0.05).The IgA content in the medium metabolizable energy group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P<0.05);The IgM content in the low metabolizable energy group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups(P<0.05);The content of interleukin-6 in the high metabolizable energy group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).There were significant differences in serum IgA,IgG and interferon-alpha content be⁃tween genders(P<0.05).The IgA content of hens was significantly higher than that of roosters(P<0.05).The immunoglobulin G content of cocks was significantly higher than that of hens(P<0.05),interferon-alpha content was significantly lower than that of hens(P<0.05).③Dietary metabolizable energy level and sex had significant effects on the content of some free amino acids in mus⁃cle of Beijing You Chicken aged from 14 to 17 weeks(P<0.05),and the content was the highest at the medium metabolizable energy level;The content of total amino acids,sweet amino acids and umami amino acids in cocks were significantly higher than those in hens(P<0.05).The results showed that metabolizable energy level had no significant effect on serum antioxidant indexes of Beijing You chicken aged from 14 to 17 weeks.When metabolizable energy was 13.08 MJ/kg,the immune performance was better.When metabolizable energy was 12.64 MJ/kg,the content of free amino acids in muscle was the highest,the content of sweet amino acids,umami amino acids,essential amino acids and total amino acids were the highest,and the taste was fresher and the quality was the best.From the content of free amino acids,the flavor of cock was better than that of hen.