综合性高分子化学实验设计:硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料制备与性能表征

Comprehensive Polymer Chemistry Experiment Design:Preparation and Characterization of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Materials

针对传统“高分子化学实验”课程教学中,存在综合性、研究性实验项目少,不能支撑“新工科”人才实践和创新能力培养要求等问题,开发了硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料制备与性能表征综合实验项目。采用全水发泡体系,通过调节发泡剂和阻燃剂用量,制备了七组聚氨酯泡沫材料,然后采用国标方法表征了材料的表观密度、压缩强度和氧指数,分析了发泡剂和阻燃剂不同配比对泡沫材料性能的影响及原因。本实验贴近高分子产业发展,突出综合性和研究性,教学过程实现了基本实验技能与科学研究方法训练的有机结合,有助于提升高分子化学实验课程“创新性、高阶性和挑战度”,支撑“新工科”人才培养。

In response to the problems of lack of comprehensive and research-oriented experimental projects in traditional“Polymer Chemistry Laboratory”courses,which cannot meet the requirements for practical and innovative abilities of“emerging engineering”talents,a comprehensive experimental project on the preparation and characterization of rigid polyurethane foam materials has been developed.By using a fully water-based foaming system and adjusting the dosage of foaming agent and flame retardant,seven groups of polyurethane foam materials were prepared.Then,the apparent density,compressive strength,and oxygen index of the materials were characterized using national standard methods.The influence and reasons for different ratios of foaming agent and flame retardant on the properties of foam materials were analyzed.This experiment closely aligns with the development of the polymer industry,highlighting comprehensiveness and research-oriented nature.The teaching process integrates basic experimental skills with scientific research methods training,which helps enhance the“innovativeness,high-level thinking,and challenge”of the polymer chemistry laboratory course and support the cultivation of“emerging engineering”talents.