不同行业22~35岁女职工生育力状况调查与分析

Survey and analysis on fertility status of female employees aged 22-35 years by industries

[背景]随着人口老龄化的加剧,生育力下降问题受到广泛关注。研究发现其影响因素主要包括年龄、生育情况等,然而不同行业生育力状况尚缺乏基础性资料。[目的]了解不同行业22~35岁女职工生育力状况及其影响因素。[方法]采用分阶段抽样原则,于2020年7月—2021年2月选取女职工较集中的教育、医疗、金融、通信等行业22~35岁已婚有怀孕史的22 903名女职工进行横断面调查,调查内容包括女职工行业、人口学特征、妊娠史、妊娠等待时间(TTP)及其他影响因素。分别采用卡方检验、Cox比例风险回归分析生育力下降及其影响因素,并在控制影响因素后构建不同行业与生育力下降的Cox比例风险回归模型,比较分析不同行业间差别。[结果] 22 903名调查对象中,回收有效问卷19 194份,总有效率83.8%。22~35岁女职工6个月和12个月的累积妊娠率(CRP)分别为67.23%和91.33%。多因素分析显示,地区、年龄、文化程度、个人年收入、家务劳动时间、应对方式、怀孕及生育次数、自然流产次数是生育力下降的影响因素(P <0.05)。怀孕次数≥3和自然流产次数≥2的女职工生育力下降风险较高,风险比(HR)及其95%置信区间(CI)分别为0.633(0.582~0.688)和0.785(0.670~0.921)(P <0.01)。与教育行业比较,生育力下降风险较高的为医疗和金融行业,HR(95%CI)分别为0.876(0.834~0.920)和0.909(0.866~0.954)(P <0.05);校正地区、年龄等9个影响因素后,生育力下降风险仍较高,HR(95%CI)分别为0.899(0.852~0.948)和0.882(0.833~0.934)(P <0.05)。[结论]地区、年龄、文化程度、个人年收入、家务劳动时间、应对方式、怀孕及生育次数、自然流产次数是生育力下降的影响因素。与教育行业比较,生育力下降风险较高的为医疗和金融行业。

[Background]As the population ages,there has been a growing focus on the decline in fertility.Research has identified age and fertility history as the primary influencing factors.Nevertheless,there is a deficiency in fundamental data regarding the fertility status among different indus-tries.[Objective]To investigate the fertility status and influencing factors among female workers aged 22-35 years in different industries.[Methods]From July 2020 to February 2021,a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a staged sampling approach.This survey specifically targeted 22-35-year-old married female work-ers with a history of pregnancy in industries such as education,healthcare,finance,and telecom-munications,totaling 22903 participants.The survey encompassed industry,demographic char-acteristics,pregnancy history,time to pregnancy(TTP),and other influencing factors.The influ-encing factors of decline in fertility were identified by chi-square test and Cox proportional hazards regression.Subsequent industry-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compared fertility decline patterns across a spectrum of industries after selected influencing factors were adjusted.[Results]Among the 22903 respondents,19194 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid recovery rate of 83.8%.The cumulative pregnancy rates(CRP)of 1-6 months and 1-12 months for the 22-35-year-old female workers were 67.23%and 91.33%respectively.The multivariate analysis showed that region,age,education level,personal annual income,housework time,coping style,gravidity,parity,and spontaneous abortion were influencing factors of fertility decline(P<0.05).Female workers with≥3 gravidities and≥2 spontaneous abortions had a higher risk of fertility decline,with hazard ratios(HR)and associated 95%confidence interval(95%CI)of 0.633(0.582,0.688)and 0.785(0.670,0.921)respectively(P<0.01).Compared to the education industry,the healthcare and finance industries showed a higher risk of fertility decline,with HR(95%CI)values of 0.876(0.834,0.920)and 0.909(0.866,0.954),respectively(P<0.05).These two HR(95%CI)values remained statistically significant[0.899(0.852,0.948)and 0.882(0.833,0.934)respectively,P<0.05]after further adjustment with nine influencing factors such as region and age.[Conclusion]Regions,age,education level,personal annual income,housework time,coping style,pregnancy and childbirth times,and natural abortion times are influencing factors of fertility decline in female workers.Compared to the education industry,the healthcare and finance industries have a higher risk of declining fertility.