要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响机理与空间分异研究

Research on the Influence Mechanism and Spatial Differentiation of Factor Flow on Urban-rural Integrated Development

城乡要素双向自由流动有利于提高要素配置效率和优化城乡关系,促进城乡融合发展。现有关于要素流动对城乡融合发展的研究主要围绕传统生产要素对城乡融合发展的研究展开讨论,鲜有文献将数据这一新型生产要素纳入城乡要素流动范围并探索其对城乡融合发展的影响机理。基于2010—2021年中国31个省份的面板数据,在测算要素流动、城乡融合发展水平的基础上,构建双向固定效应模型、地理加权回归模型和中介效应模型实证检验要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:第一,全国要素流动总指数呈现出小幅度增长的态势,位于均值之上的地区中64%是城乡融合发展试验区,说明城乡融合发展政策实施具有重要的引导作用;第二,要素流动显著促进城乡融合发展,这一结论在引入城乡之间距离作为工具变量进行内生性检验、采用删除4个直辖市和缩短时间窗口的方法进行稳健性检验之后仍然成立;第三,空间异质性分析中,劳动力、土地和数据要素始终表现出促进城乡融合发展的作用,随着时间的推移,土地要素对不同地区城乡融合发展影响程度逐渐增强、影响范围逐步扩大,技术要素对城乡融合发展的促进逐渐凸现,由华东和华南地区向东北和西南地区转移;第四,在要素流动影响城乡融合发展的过程中,电商销售是要素流动影响城乡融合发展的重要途径,农业机械化和产业结构变迁并未发挥出中介变量的作用,不同于已有的研究结果。因此,今后持续深化城乡融合发展的内涵与外延、拓展深度与广度;始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,运用科学的世界观和方法论,坚持整体推进与试点示范相统一的指导原则,推广实践中形成的典型经验。研究结论为城乡要素双向合理流动的机制建立、城乡融合发展体制机制的健全提供了理论和经验上的参考。

The two-way free flow of urban and rural elements is conducive to improving the efficiency of factor allocation and optimizing the relationship and promoting the integrated development between urban and rural areas.The existing research on the impact of factor flow on urban-rural integration development mainly focuses on the development of urban-rural integration by traditional factors of production,and few literatures view data as a new factor of production in the scope of urban-rural factor flow and explore its impact mechanism on urban-rural integration development.Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2021,on the basis of measuring the factor flow and the level of urban-rural integration development,a two-way fixed-effect model,a Geographically Weighted Regression model and an intermediary effect model are constructed to empirically test the impact and mechanism of factor flow on urban-rural integrated development.It concludes that:First,the total index of national factor flow shows a slight growth trend,64%of the areas above the mean are urban-rural integration development pilot areas,indicating that the implementation of urban-rural integration development policies has an important guiding role.Second,the factor flow significantly promotes the integrated development of urban and rural areas,and it is still valid after introducing the distance between urban and rural areas as an instrumental variable for the endogeneity test,and using the method of deleting four municipalities and shortening the time window to carry out the robustness test.Third,on the analysis of spatial heterogeneity,labor,land and data elements always play roles in promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas.And the influence of land elements on urban-rural integration development in different regions has gradually increased,and the scope of influence has gradually expanded,and the promotion of urban-rural integration development by technical factors has gradually become prominent,shifting from East and South areas to Northeast and Southwest areas.Fourth,in the process of factor flow affecting urban-rural integration development,e-commerce sales is an important way for factor flow to affect urban-rural integration development,and agricultural mechanization and industrial structure change do not play the role of mediating variables,which is different from the existing research results.Therefore,in the future,we will continue to deepen the connotation and extension,depth and breadth of urban-rural integration development.Always guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,apply a scientific world outlook and methodology,adhere to the guiding principle of unifying overall promotion and pilot demonstration,and promote typical experiences formed in practice.The conclusions provide a theoretical and empirical reference for the mechanism establishment of two-way rational flow of urban and rural elements and the improvement of the institutional mechanism of urban-rural integrated development.