国际体育仲裁院足球培训补偿争议裁判法理

Jurisprudence on Football Training Compensation Disputesof Court of Arbitration for Sport

综合运用案例分析法、逻辑分析法和归纳法等方法,对国际足球培训补偿机制与其国际体育仲裁院(Court of Arbitration for Sport, CAS)判例进行研究,认为:国际足球培训补偿的合法性来源于欧盟法律基于足球行业的合法性目标所给予的一定限度的权利让渡,其性质是职业足球对业余足球或草根足球的反哺机制,其补偿权是国际足球联合会为培训俱乐部在球员转会后获得补偿而创设的一种债权;在足球培训补偿争议的处理中,CAS通过审查培训补偿触发条件和例外情况来确认培训补偿是否到期,通过确认权利主体、补偿权的放弃来明确培训补偿权利,通过审查培训补偿义务主体、义务拒绝以及是否存在规则规避以明晰培训补偿义务,并形成了相应的裁判标准。研究启示:我国足球利益相关者应按照诚信原则履行其权利和义务;足球监管机构应依据公平原则建立健全足球行业实施保障机制;体育仲裁机构应依据公平原则建立足球培训补偿争议的审查和裁判标准,从而充分保障足球培训补偿实施的公正有效。

Using the methods of case analysis,logical analysis and induction,this paper studies the mechanism of international football training compensation and the jurisprudence of the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS).The research shows that the legitimacy of international football training compensation originated from the transfer of rights to a certain extent granted by EU laws based on the legitimate goals of football industry.It is in nature the feedback mechanism of professional football to amateur football or grassroots foot-ball.The compensation right is a kind of creditor's right created for training clubs to obtain compensation after the players transfer.In the settlement of football training compensation disputes,CAS confirms whether the training compensation is due by reviewing the trig-gering factors and exceptions of the training compensation,clarifies the training compensation right by confirming the subject of the right and the waiver of the right to compensation,clarifies the training compensation obligation by reviewing the subject of the training com-pensation obligation,the refusal of the obligation and whether there are rules to evade,and forms the corresponding judgment stand-ards.Research enlightenment:Chinese football stakeholders should fulfill their rights and obligations according to the principle of good faith,football supervision institutions should establish and improve the implementation guarantee mechanism of football industry accord-ing to the principle of equality,the sports arbitration institution should establish the review and judgment standards of football training compensation disputes based on the principle of equality,so as to fully guarantee the justice and effectiveness of the implementation of football training compensation.