非药物干预措施对成人感染呼吸道病原体流行特征的影响

Effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens in adults

目的探讨非药物干预措施(NPIs)对成人感染呼吸道病原体流行率的影响,深入了解NPIs的科学价值和长期效果。方法采用回顾性研究,收集2017-2023年四川大学华西医院呼吸道感染成人患者的临床资料和实验室检查数据,分时段对病原体、人群、季节等方面进行分析。分析时段包括2017-2019年(NPIs实施前),2020-2022年(NPIs实施中),2023年1-12月(NPIs实施后)。结果纳入呼吸道感染成人患者33068例,8种成人感染呼吸道病原体2017-2019年总流行率(26.95%)高于2020-2022年(8.70%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在NPIs实施的前、中、后3个时段中,不同性别、年龄和季节的病原体流行率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NPIs实施前,呼吸道病原体流行的季节高峰出现在每年的1-3月。随着NPIs的实施,流行季节高峰分别出现在2020年1-3月(10.09%)、2021年10-12月(9.32%)、2022年7-9月(15.23%)。NPIs实施后,病原体流行的季节高峰出现在2023年10-12月(21.20%)。8种病原体中,甲型流感病毒H1N1(2009)的流行率变化最为明显,NPIs实施前、中、后流行率分别为17.42%、0.00%、6.99%。结论2017-2023年由于NPIs等因素的影响,呼吸道病原体流行情况改变了原有特征。关注病原体流行率的新特征,对于预防、诊断和控制突发公共卫生事件中的呼吸道感染疾病具有重要意义。

Objective To explore the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)on the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in adults,and to understand the scientific value and long-term effect of NPIs.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the clinical data and laboratory examination data of adult patients with respiratory tract infection in West China Hospital,Sichuan University from 2017 to 2023,and the pathogen,population,season and other aspects were analyzed in different periods.The analysis period included 2017 to 2019(before the implementation of NPIs),2020 to 2022(during the implementation of NPIs),and January to December 2023(after the implementation of NPIs).Results A total of 33068 adult patients with respiratory tract infection were included.The overall prevalence of 8 adult respiratory pathogens from 2017 to 2019(26.95%)was higher than that from 2020 to 2022(8.70%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the prevalence of pathogens among different genders,ages and seasons in the first,middle and last three periods of NPIs implementation(P<0.05).Before the implementation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from January to March each year.With the implementation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from January to March 2020(10.09%),October to December 2021(9.32%),July to September 2022(15.23%),respectively.After the implementation of NPIs,the seasonal peak of respiratory prevalence appeared from October to December 2023(21.20%).Among the 8 pathogens,the change of prevalence of influenza A virus H1N1(2009)was the most obvious,and the prevalence was 17.42%,0.00%and 6.99%before,during and after the implementation of NPIs,respectively.Conclusion Due to the influence of NPIs and other factors,the epidemic characteristics of respiratory pathogens have changed from 2017 to 2023.Attention to the emerging characteristics of pathogen prevalence is important for the prevention,diagnosis and control of respiratory infectious diseases during public health emergencies.