环境规制对我国出口国内附加值率的影响研究

Research on Impact of Environmental Regulations on Domestic Value-Added Rate of China's Exports

在“双碳”目标和经济高质量发展的要求下,我国出口面临着更大的环境压力,如何利用合理的环境规制政策来实现贸易高质量发展值得关注。本文从理论和实证两个层面阐述并检验了环境规制对我国出口国内附加值率的影响及其机制。结果显示,环境规制和我国出口国内附加值率呈现非线性的“U”型关系,即:环境规制政策实施初期,在成本效应的影响下,环境规制对出口国内附加值率具有明显的负外部性,而随着政策效应的延续,环境规制政策可以倒逼企业开展创新活动、改善能源结构和资源配置,对出口国内附加值率又会呈现明显的正外部性。为此,国家层面,政府应把握好环境规制强度,加强环境规制政策的顶层设计;行业层面,政府应依据行业特点制定差异化政策,积极发挥行业协会在环境规制中的作用;企业层面,企业应积极利用环境规制政策的正外部性,融入全球绿色技术创新网络。

Under the requirements of"double carbon"and high-quality economic development,China's exports are facing greater environmental pressure.How to use reasonable environmental regulation policies to realize the high-quality development of trade is worthy of attention.This paper expounds and tests the impact and mechanism of environmental regulation on domestic value-added rate of China's exports from both theoretical and empirical levels.The results show that there is a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and domestic value-added rate of China's exports.That is,at the initial stage of the implementation of environmental regulation policies,under the influence of cost effect,environmental regulation has obvious negative externalities on the domestic value-added rate of exports.However,with the continuation of policy effects,environmental regulation policies can force enterprises to carry out innovative activities,improve energy structure and resource allocation,and show obvious positive externalities on the domestic added value of exports.Therefore,at the national level,the government should grasp the intensity of environmental regulation and strengthen the top-level design of environmental regulation policies;at the industry level,the government should formulate differentiated policies according to the characteristics of the industry,and actively play the role of industry associations in environmental regulation;at the enterprise level,enterprises should actively take advantage of the positive externalities of environmental regulation policies to integrate into the global green technology innovation network.