过程论视野下的算法裁量:形成机理、现实困境和法治路径

Algorithmic discretion in the perspective of process theory:formation mechanisms,practical dilemmas and paths to the rule of law

算法在行政裁量领域中的广泛应用,形成了一种新型的算法裁量模式,与此同时,亦带来诸多法治挑战,有必要对其形成机理、现实困境和法治路径展开研究。在形成机理方面,基于法律与事实的交织构造,算法裁量的产生得益于法律的代码化以及技术对事实的丰富处理。从过程论视角,对其进行“接收-处理-输出”阶段性划分,针对性地逐一释明不同阶段所存在的数据质量问题、算法黑箱、算法歧视问题。基于此,有必要从范围限定、程序约束及权利保障三个方面进行过程性的法律控制,从而推动算法裁量的法治化实践。

The wide application of algorithms in the field of administrative discretion has formed a new type of algorithmic discretion mode,and it is necessary to study its formation mechanism,realistic dilemma and rule of law path.In terms of the formation mechanism,based on the intertwined construction of law and facts,algorithmic discretion is generated by the codification of law and the rich processing of facts by technology.From the perspective of process theory,it is divided into the stages of"receiving-processing-output",and the data quality problems,algorithmic black box and algorithmic discrimination problems at different stages are explained one by one.At the same time,the process of legal control is carried out in three aspects,namely,scope limitation,procedural limitation and right protection,in order to promote the practice of algorithmic discretion under the rule of law.