稻壳可溶性硅肥对水稻抗倒伏能力及产量的影响

Effects of Rice Husk Soluble Silicon Fertilizer on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Rice

为探究硅肥高效利用,促进水稻增产及提高水稻抗倒伏能力,以稻壳为原料的可溶性硅肥为研究对象,选取五优稻4号为供试材料,通过对水稻不同时期及施用不同浓度稻壳可溶性硅肥探究其对水稻抗倒伏能力及产量的影响。试验设置5个施肥处理,大区试验不设重复,于分蘖期(7月13日)分别喷施可溶性硅肥1.5 L·hm^(-2)(A)、3.0 L·hm^(-2)(B),分蘖期和抽穗期(7月29日)两次喷施可溶性硅肥1.5 L·hm^(-2)(C)、3.0 L·hm^(-2)(D)及喷施清水组(CK)。结果表明,分蘖期和抽穗期两次喷施可溶性硅肥3.0 L·hm^(-2)(D)处理水稻产量及糙米率均最高,分别达到8389 kg·hm^(-2)及80.6%,其水稻倒数第二茎节长度为18.29 cm较对照(CK)倒数第二茎节长度24.58 cm缩短6.29 cm。分蘖期及抽穗期两次施用可溶性硅肥较分蘖期单次施用可溶性硅肥,对于水稻增产及抗倒伏能力均有更好的促进效果。说明稻壳可溶性硅肥对寒地水稻增产及提高抗倒伏性能力有显著效果。

Silicon fertilizer is the fourth large amount of elemental fertilizer for rice yield increase,and silicon significantly improves rice yield increase,resists environmental stress,and enhances the ability to resist collapse.However,the existing silicon fertilizer generally has low solubility and poor utilization.In order to explore how to efficiently utilize silicon fertilizer to achieve rice yield increase and improve the resistance to collapse.In this experiment,the soluble silicon fertilizer made from rice husk was used as the research object,and the rice Wuyoudao 4 was selected as the test crop variety to investigate the effect of rice husk soluble silicon fertilizer of different fertilization periods and diferent concentration on the lodging resistance and yield of rice.Five fertilization treatments were set up in the experiment,with no replications in the large-area experiment.1.5 L·ha^(-1)(A)and 3.0 L·ha^(-1)(B)of soluble silicon fertilizer were sprayed at the tillering stage(July 13),and 1.5 L·ha^(-1)(C)and 3.0 L·ha^(-1)(D)of soluble silicon fertilizer were sprayed at the tillering stage and the tasseling stage(July 29),as well as the group of spraying clear water(CK).The highest yield and brown rice rate of 8389 kg·ha^(-1)and 80.6%were obtained with 3.0 L·ha^(-1)(D)sprayed at both tillering and tasseling stages,and the length of penultimate node of rice was 18.29 cm,which was 6.29 cm shorter than that of the control(CK)with penultimate node length of 24.58 cm.The results showed that the application of soluble silica fertilizer in both tillering and tasseling stage was more efficient than that of the control group.The application of soluble silicon fertilizer at the tillering and tasseling stages was more effective than that at the control(CK).The results of this study showed that soluble silica fertilizer with rice husk had a significant effect on increasing yield and improving the lodging resistance of rice in cold region.