玉米穗腐病的抗性鉴定与抗性基因定位研究进展

Research Progress on Identification of Maize Resistance to Ear Rot and Mapping of Resistance Loci

玉米是我国第一大粮食作物,其生长过程中易受多种病害影响,其中穗腐病是常见病害之一,会造成玉米产量损失和品质下降。该病害致病菌种类繁多、致病机理复杂。从经济、安全、有效的角度,抗病育种无疑是最佳选择。因此,围绕玉米种质资源对穗腐病的鉴定评价和抗病位点发掘进行总结,对加快抗病育种具有一定的促进作用。本文从玉米穗腐病的危害和防治、国内外穗腐病优势致病菌、我国各区域优势致病菌、国内外已鉴定的抗穗腐病资源,以及通过连锁分析和全基因组关联分析方法定位出的抗病位点进行了综述,并对玉米穗腐病的抗性育种进行展望,为今后开展玉米穗腐病相关研究提供参考。

Maize,China's primary grain crop,is susceptible to a range of diseases,with ear rot being a prevalent issue that can result in diminished yields and deteriorated quality.The disease is caused by a diverse array of pathogens,and its pathogenic mechanisms are intricate.From an economic,safety,and efficacy standpoint,disease-resistant breeding stands out as the optimal strategy.Consequently,summarizing the identification and evaluation of maize germplasm for ear rot resistance and the discovery of disease-resistant loci can expedite the advancement of disease-resistant breeding efforts.This article examined the detrimental effects and preventative measures of maize ear rot,the leading pathogens of ear rot both within China and internationally,the prevalent pathogens in different regions of China,and the maize varieties that have been identified as resistant to ear rot.It also discussed the disease-resistant loci that have been pinpointed through linkage analysis and genome-wide association analysis methods.Lastly,it provided insights into the breeding of maize for ear rot resistance,aiming to offer a guide for future research on this topic.