诉源治理与诉权行使的冲突风险和应对策略

Conflict Risks and Response Strategies for Governance of Litigation Sources and Exercise of Litigation Rights

近些年以来,我国法院出现了较为严重的“人案矛盾”,为了疏解该问题,我国创设性地提出了诉源治理。诉源治理是治理国家社会的重要举措,也是因应中国式现代化法治建设的智慧方案。但诉源治理亦有可能同公民诉权行使有相冲突风险,一方面,对于公民诉权行使态度,或出现治理优先、诉权行使后置;另一方面,法院审判职能错位且与行政权过度衔接,使得诉权行使或遭受阻碍。另外,诉权行使途径不畅也可能引发诉权行使危机。针对上述问题,首先应秉持尊重与保障公民诉权行使意愿;其次,法院需要保持谦抑姿态,适当退出诉源治理机制以着重审判职能;最后,还要兼顾诉讼与非诉纠纷解决路径间的关系,确保各机制之间达到微妙平衡,进而保障诉权行使路径畅通。

Governance of litigation sources is proposed to tackle the problem of“case backlog”in Chinese courts,which is a crucial initiative for governing the nation and society,serving as an intelligent solution for promoting the rule of law in a modern country with Chinese characteristics.However,there is a risk that governance of litigation sources may conflict with citizens exercising their litigation rights,governance might have been prior to the litigation rights,and the misplacement of the judicial function of the courts and their excessive connection with administrative power could have impeded the exercise of litigation rights.Additionally,the obstruction of channels for exercising litigation rights could have led to a crisis in exercising such rights.Citizens’intention to exercise their litigation rights should be respected and protected.Courts should focus on their judicial functions in a humble way to withdraw from the governance of litigation sources mechanism.The relationship between litigation and non-litigation dispute resolution pathways should be balanced to ensure the smooth cooperation for the exercise of litigation rights.