广西特色药材薄叶红厚壳的构件生物量及其分配特征研究

The Study on Component Biomass and Its Distribution Characteristics of Guangxi Unique Traditional Chinese Medicine Calophyllum membranaceum

目的:旨在探究广西特色药材薄叶红厚壳植株构件生物量及其分配特征,深入了解植株生长特性,以期为后续规模化繁育提供理论依据。方法:基于植物标本信息与相关文献资料查阅结果,在广西境内设置10个调查点(遍及8个市县行政区)开展资源分布调查。每个调查点随机选取3个以上植株,采用全株收获法,获取植株生长指标及生物量数据,对比野生植株与栽培植株的生长指标差异,同时在个体水平上探究器官生物量分配及其与地理因子、生长指标间的关系。结果:通过对资源调查数据进行统计分析,发现野生薄叶红厚壳种群呈零星分布模式且多生长于林分下部;与人工栽培的薄叶红厚壳相比,野生薄叶红厚壳植株平均年龄为(14.47±1.74)a,平均地径为(8.28±0.53)mm,平均株高(75.68±5.10)cm,平均总生物量(43.31±5.96)g,上述生长指标远低于人工栽培植株;就生物量分配特征而言,各调查点植株茎生物量最大(56.48±18.79)g,茎质比均超过35%,而叶质比与根质比差异不明显;通过分析地理环境因子及植株生长参数对生物量分配的影响,发现根冠比与海拔呈显著正相关,根质比与株高呈显著负相关,茎质比与纬度、地径、株高、年龄均呈显著正相关,叶质比与除海拔外的其余5种因子均呈显著负相关;地理因子对其生物量分配的整体解释度为23.2%,略高于生长参数(19.6%)。结论:广西境内薄叶红厚壳植株分布广泛,但资源总量逐渐减少,植株生长状况稳定。构件生物量及其分配存在显著的空间地理差异,除地理因子与生长因子外,生物量分配还受到其他因素的影响。

Objective:To investigate the component biomass and its distribution characteristics of Calophyllum membranaceum,a unique traditional Chinese medicine in Guangxi,and to deeply understand the growth characteristics of plants,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent large-scale breeding.Methods:Based on plant specimens information and relevant literature review,10 survey points which covering 8 cities and counties were set up in Guangxi to conduct the resource distribution of Calophyllum membranaceum.In each survey point,more than 3 whole plants were randomly selected and whole-plant harvest method was used to obtain plant growth indexes and biomass data.The relationship between plant organ biomass distribution and geographical and growth factors was explored at the individual level,and the growth indexes diff erences between wild plants and cultivated plants were compared.Results:Statistical analysis of the data from the resource survey revealed that the wild populations of Calophyllum membranaceum showed a sporadic distribution pattern and mostly grew in the lower part of the forest stand;compared with the cultivated plants,the averaged age,averaged ground diameter,averaged plant height,averaged total biomass of Calophyllum membranaceum were respectively(14.47±1.74)a,(8.28±0.53)mm,(75.68±5.10)cm,and(43.31±5.96)g.The above growth indexes were much lower than those of the cultivated plants;in terms of biomass allocation characteristics,the plant stem biomass was the largest(56.48±18.79)g,and the stem mass ratio was more than 35%,while the diff erence between leaf mass ratio and root mass ratio was not significant.By analyzing the eff ects of geographic environmental factors and plant growth parameters on biomass allocation,it was found that the root shoot ratio was significantly positively correlated with altitude,the root biomass fraction was significantly negatively correlated with plant height,the stem biomass fraction was significantly positively correlated with latitude,ground diameter,plant height and age,and the leaf biomass fraction was significantly negatively correlated with the other five factors except altitude.The overall explanatory power of geographical factors on biomass allocation was 23.2%,slightly higher than growth parameters(19.6%).Conclusion:Calophyllum membranaceum populations are widely distributed in Guangxi,the plant growth is stable,but the total resources are gradually decreased.There are significant spatial geographical diff erences in component biomass and its allocation.The biomass allocation is influenced by others factors besides geographical factors and growth factors.