官、爵、尊卑之間:宋代宗室班位

Between Officials,Nobles and Hierarchy:The Rank of the Royal Family in the Song Dynasty

宋代的宗室,兼具宗親與官僚雙重身份屬性,班位的影響要素主要包括官、爵、尊卑--官以武官階官爲主體,爵集中在高等爵,尊卑源於宗室的血緣親疏、輩分長幼。其時,在選擇性吸納唐代原則的基礎上,形成以武官階官爲主導,上層重爵位,下層重尊卑的複式分層特點。而場合的差異,也是排序的牽動因素之一,相比朝會立班、大敕繫銜突出官僚等級,官位、資歷得以優先;宴飲、行香、轉官更重視宗親身份,禮遇尊長,在此類場合下,尊卑也頗具取代官位先決地位的可能。

The royal family of the Song Dynasty had dual identity attributes of kinship and bureaucracy.Influencing factors of the rank mainly included officials,nobles,and hierarchy-officials were mainly based on military officials and the nobles on higher ranks.The hierarchy originated from the blood relationship and seniority of the royal family.At that time,on the basis of selectively absorbing the principles of the Tang Dynasty,a compound hierarchical characteristic was formed which military officials were as the main force.This characteristic was upper class officials emphasizing titles,but lower class officials emphasizing hierarchy.The difference in occasion was also one of factors that affect the ranking.Compared to the prominent bureaucratic rank of the court assembly and the imperial edict system,official positions and qualifications are given priority;Banquets,incense offerings,and official transfers placed greater emphasis on kinship and respect for elders.In such occasions,hierarchy also had the potential to replace the position of the official.