不同氮肥处理对香稻和非香稻品种籽粒灌浆和叶片光合特性的影响

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments on Grain Filling and Leaf Photosynthesis Characteristics of Aromatic Rice and Non-aromatic Rice Varieties

在大田条件下,通过对香稻和非香稻品种的籽粒灌浆、叶片光合特性进行研究,明确香稻和非香稻品种产量和品质形成的生理机制。结果表明:在籽粒灌浆期,相对于非香稻品种,香稻品种在不施氮处理下表现为较高的籽粒灌浆速率,在施氮处理下表现为较低的籽粒灌浆速率;对于剑叶光合速率,无论在施氮还是非施氮条件下均表现为香稻品种高于非香稻品种,说明香稻品种更具有高光效特性。对2品种的产量性状分析表明,香稻品种较非香稻品种粒多,穗大;而非香稻品种相对于香稻品种则穗小,穗数多,这说明,香稻品种主要表现为大穗型,而非香稻品种主要表现为多穗型。对2品种的品质性状进行分析,加工品质2品种差异较小,外观品质表现为非香稻品种明显优于香稻品种,食味值2品种相差相对较小,且均表现为不施氮处理的食味值较高。综合以上分析表明,相对于非香稻品种,香稻品种在不施氮处理下主要表现为较高的籽粒灌浆速率,较高的剑叶光合速率,较高的产量及较高的食味品质;在施氮处理下,除光合速率香稻高于非香稻品种外,其他性状稍低于非香稻品种,这说明,在水稻提优栽培中,在确保产量不降低的情况下,不施或适当少施氮肥,有利于增加香稻品种的籽粒灌浆速率和剑叶光合速率,从而提高香稻的品质。

To identify the physiological mechanism of the yield and quality formation in aromatic rice and nonaromatic rice,the grain filling and leaf photosynthesis characteristics were investigated under field conditions.The results showed that compared with the non-aromatic rice varieties,the grain filling rate of aromatic rice was higher under no nitrogen level,and was lower under nitrogen treatment in the grain filling stage.The sword leaf photosynthetic rate of the aromatic rice variety was higher than that of the non-aromatic rice variety whether under nitrogen or non-nitrogen application conditions.It was indicated that the aromatic rice variety had high light efficiency.The analysis of the yield traits of the two varieties showed that the aromatic rice variety had more grains and larger panicles than the non-aromatic rice variey,while the non-aromatic rice variety had smaller panicles in size and more panicles,which showed that the aromatic rice variety mainly showed large panicles,while the non-aromatic rice variety mainly showed multiple panicles.The quality traits analysis of the two varieties showed that the difference of processing quality between the two varieties was small.The appearance quality of the non-aromatic rice variety was significantly better than the aromatic rice variety.The difference of the taste value of them was relatively small,and both of them showed higher taste value under no nitrogen treatment.The above analysis showed that,compared with non-aromatic rice variety,aromatic rice had high grain filling rate,higher photosynthesis rate,higher yield and high flavor quality without nitrogen level.Except photophotosynthesis rate of aromatic rice,other characteristics were slightly lower than non-aromatic rice variety under nitrogen level.This showed that in the improvement of rice cultivation,no or appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to increase the grain filling rate and sword leaf photosynthetic rate of aromatic rice varieties under the condition of ensuring yield,thereby improving the quality of aromatic rice.