乡村治理共同体视角下农民集体决议法治化的双重样态与实现路径

The Dual Pattern and Implementation Path of Legalization Of Farmers'Collective Decision-making from the Perspective Of A Community of Rural Governance

基层政府、人民法院、乡村自治主体形塑了乡村治理共同体。乡村治理共同体内部理应呈现出的行政行为介入规范自治、司法权力嵌入保障私权、自治主体纠偏回归法治等预设样态,是农民集体决议法治化的应然图景。然而,行政行为偏差、司法裁判冲突、自治秩序混乱等治理乱象表明,治理共同体内部存在的行政机关权责失衡、司法机关审理规则不明、自治主体落实约束制度缺位,已然成为农民集体决议法治化面临的现实困境。立足于村民自治与国家法治的融合发展,以细化权责清单、统一司法规则、完善制度保障为依托,厘清行政机关介入农民集体决议事项的权力限度与责任范围、明确司法机关处理农民集体决议纠纷的案由类型与撤销权客体、强化自治主体重作农民集体决议的内部约束与司法约束,是农民集体决议法治化的重要路径。

Grass-roots government,people's court,and rural autonomous entity constitute a community of rural governance,in which the intervention of administrative acts in regulating autonomy,the embedding of judicial power to protect private rights,and autonomous entity's deviation-rectification to return to the rule of law,are the preset patterns that should present and the natural landscape of the legalization of farmers'collective decision-making.However,the governance failures such as deviation in administrative acts,conflicts in judicial rulings,and disorder in autonomous conducts reveal the imbalance between rights and responsibilities among administrative agencies,indistinct rules in judicial practices,and absence of constraint mechanism among autonomous entities,which has already become a challenge to the legalization of collective decisionmaking by farmers.Based on the integration and development of village autonomy and national rule of law,and supported by the refinement of the list of rights and responsibilities,the unification of judicial rules,and the improvement of institutional guarantees,to clarify the power limit and responsibility scope of administrative organs in intervening in farmers'collective decision-making,pinpoint the types of cases and objects of revocation rights for judicial organs in handling disputes over collective resolutions of farmers,and strengthen the internal and judicial constraints of autonomous entities in redoing their collective decision-making,will be an important path to the legalization of farmers'collective decision-making.