美国国家公园的历史单元:发展、演进与多元叙事

Historical Units of the American National Park:Development,Evolution and Diverse Narratives

文章对美国国家公园历史单元的发展和演化进行了系统回顾,总结国家公园系统历史单元发展的3个阶段并分析了各阶段的特点。以文献综述和案例分析方法追溯美国国家公园历史单元保护和发展历程,分析历史单元在各发展阶段的特征和经验,并以图表形式揭示机构和组织合作关系,从而使历史单元展现更大的价值和意义。研究结果表明:(1)系列法律的颁布为国家公园历史单元的保护和发展提供了长期保障基础;(2)遗产记录项目帮助确定那些具有杰出价值作为纪念或者代表国家意义的场所,同时为遗产保护、修复和研究提供了翔实资料;(3)高质量的专业合作使国家公园管理局在历史遗产保护的政策和标准方面一直处于领导地位;(4)公众参与制度化加强了公众对遗产资源的认知和保护承诺,同时也提高了管理机构对多样化公众观点、价值和关注的响应能力。文章最后对中国历史文化遗产的保护与发展提出了建议。

This paper systematically reviews the development and evolution of the historical units in the National Park System of the Unite States,outlining the three developmental stages from their inception to the present and analyzing the characteristics of the historical units in each stage.Utilizing literature review and case analysis,this paper traces the conservation and development process of these historical units,elucidating the features and experiences of each stage.It illustrates through charts to reveal the enhanced value and significance of historical units resulting from institutional and organizational cooperation.The findings indicate the following:①the enactment of a series of laws provides a foundation for the long-term protection and development of historical units within National Parks;②the Heritage Documentation Program has helped to identify places that possess exceptional commemorative value or illustrating the significance of the nation,providing rich archival materials for heritage protection,restoration and research;③the high quality of professional cooperation has maintained the National Park Service’s leadership on policies and standards for the preservation of historic properties;④institutionalized public participation fosters public awareness of heritage resources and commitment to conservation,enhancing the agency’s responsiveness to diverse public views,values,and concerns.The paper concludes with recommendations for the historical and cultural heritages protection and development measurements in China.