工科理科化的致因与现阶段的重塑

Analysis of Scientization of Engineering Education and Its Current Reshaping

工科教育复制理科教育模式使得“工科理科化”。在全球第四次工业革命和国内产业结构调整升级背景下,扭转这种“重理论轻实践、产研用能力弱”的工科教育局面迫在眉睫。教育观念理科化、工科师资理科化、培养方案理科化、人才供需的结构性矛盾、缺少统筹机制与政策合力、工程教育资源投入不足或错配等,是造成“工科理科化”的主要原因。现阶段,可从评估现有条件实现精准改革、强化统筹机制形成政策合力、调整价值取向优化资源配置、重构实践体系夯实产学研用、变革师资管理强化工程能力、加强示范引领激励先行先试六个方面,逐步推进高校的工程教育改革。

The replication of the science education model in engineering education leads to the“scientification of engineering”.Under the background of the fourth global industrial revolution and domestic industrial structure adjustment,it is urgent to reverse the engineering education situation of“practice outweighed by theory and weak combination of industry,research and application”.The main reasons for the“scientificization of engineering”are the scientificization of educational concepts,engineering faculty and training programs,the structural contradictions between talent supply and demand,the lack of coordination mechanisms and policy synergy,and insufficient or mismatched investment in engineering education resources.At this stage,we can gradually promote the engineering reform from the following six aspects:analyzing the objective conditions,carrying out efficient policies,optimizing the resources allocation,reconstructing the practice system,reforming the management of teachers and strengthening demonstration and initiative.