木霉菌对玉米茎腐病的田间防治效果及玉米产量的影响

Field Efficacy of Trichoderma against Maize Stalk Rot and Its Effect on Maize Yield

玉米是我国主要的粮食作物之一。近年来,玉米茎腐病的危害面积和危害程度逐年增长,造成玉米产量降低和品质下降,严重影响了玉米产业的可持续发展。为筛选出防控玉米镰孢茎腐病的优势生防菌株,为玉米茎腐病的绿色防控提供备选材料,以前期室内筛选到的6株木霉菌株为研究对象,将玉米种子分别通过木霉发酵液包衣处理和孢子悬浮液浸种处理后,采用田间随机区组试验测定不同木霉菌株对玉米茎腐病的田间防治效果,并分析其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,木霉菌株种类、处理方式和病原菌种类不同,对玉米茎腐病的防治效果和玉米产量的影响也不同;其中绿色木霉T43和康氏木霉KS包衣处理对禾谷镰孢茎腐病的防治效果分别达到54.21%、32.71%;绿色木霉T43浸种处理后,接种拟轮枝镰孢菌的前提下,玉米产量为6 760.24 kg/hm^(2),促生率达48.63%;康氏木霉KS浸种处理后,接种禾谷镰孢菌的前提下,玉米产量为6 353.74 kg/hm^(2),促生率达61.26%。从供试的菌株中,筛选出绿色木霉T43和康氏木霉KS作为优势生防菌株,绿色木霉T43的包衣处理对禾谷镰孢茎腐病表现出较好的防治效果,绿色木霉T43和康氏木霉KS浸种处理对玉米产量具有较好的增产效果。

Maize is one of the most important food crops in China.In recent years,the increasing harm area and severity of maize stalk rot has led to a decline in maize yield and quality,severely affecting the sustainable development of the maize industry.In orde to screen out dominant biocontrol strains for the prevention and control of maize stalk rot caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides,and provide alternative materials for green prevention and control of maize stalk rot,in this study,six Trichoderma strains screened indoors in the early stage were used as the research object,by coating of maize seeds with fermentation solution and soaking them with spore suspension of Trichoderma,a randomized block design was used to determine the efficacy of different Trichoderma strains against maize stalk rot and to analyze their effect on maize yield.The results showed that the efficacy of control against maize stalk rot and effect on maize yield varied with the types of Trichoderma strains,treatments,and pathogenic fungal species.The efficacy of Trichoderma viride T43 and Trichoderma koningii KS coating treatments against Fusarium graminearum stalk rot reached 54.20% and 32.71%,respectively;maize yield was 6 760.24 kg/ha with 48.63% growth promotion under the premise of inoculation with Fusarium verticillioides after Trichoderma.viride T43soaking treatment;maize yield was 6 353.74 kg/ha with 61.26% growth promotion under the premise of inoculation with Fusarium graminearum after Trichoderma koningii KS soaking treatment,Trichoderma viride T43 and Trichoderma koningii KS were screened for the effectiveness of biocontrol strains against maize stalk rot.The coating treatment of Trichoderma viride T43 showed a better control effect on Fusarium graminearum stalk rot,and the seed soaking treatment of Trichoderma viride T43 and Trichoderma koningii KS showed a better yield-increasing effect on the maize yield.