真菌促进硅酸盐矿物风化的速率、机制以及地质、地球化学效应

Rate,Mechanism,and Geological and Geochemical Effects of Fungi Oromoting Silicate Mineral

真菌分布广泛,从地球表层到深达1.4 km的陆壳都可以找到它们的存在。根据它们的生态习性和营养方式,真菌可分为腐生、共生和寄生真菌。菌丝是真菌的基本结构单位。真菌的菌丝通过其顶端延长的生长方式和强大的代谢能力,在硅酸盐矿物的风化过程中发挥独特的作用,尤其是对含有营养元素的硅酸盐矿物。这一过程调控着成壤、成矿,以及元素的生物地球化学循环等重要地质与地球化学过程。但是,真菌在硅酸盐自然风化过程中发挥的作用一直没有受到足够的重视。本文首先梳理了真菌的生长方式,旨在阐明其促进硅酸盐矿物风化的速率、机制以及对硅酸盐矿物自然风化的贡献。通过文献回顾并结合全球变化的背景,本文提出了未来相关工作重点攻关方向;(1)进一步限定真菌在自然环境中对硅酸盐矿物风化的贡献;(2)阐明真菌促进的硅酸盐矿物风化与地质、地球化学过程的偶联;(3)应用功能真菌提高陆地增强硅酸盐风化(enhanced silicate weathering)的碳去除效率。这些研究将深化对真菌在地表关键过程中扮演角色的认识,为地球系统模型(GEOCARB、COPSE和SCION)提供重要信息,提高不同圈层相互作用预测的准确性,并为增强硅酸盐风化实现高效固碳提供新途径和科学依据。

Fungi are widespread and can be found from the Earth’s surface to depths of up to 1.4 km in the continental crust.Based on their ecological habits and nutritional modes,fungi can be categorized as saprotrophic,symbiotic,or parasitic.Hyphae are the basic structural units of fungi.Through their tip-elongated growth and robust metabolic capabilities,fungal hyphae play a unique role in the weathering of silicate minerals,especially those containing nutrient elements.This process regulates essential geological and geochemical processes such as soil formation,mineralization,and the biogeochemical cycling of elements.However,the role of fungi in natural silicate weathering has been relatively overlooked.Our review starts by examining fungal growth patterns,aiming to elucidate their impact on the rate and mechanisms of silicate mineral weathering,as well as their contribution to natural silicate weathering.Through a literature review and in the context of global change,we propose key areas of focus for future research:(1)further quantifying the contribution of fungi to silicate mineral weathering in natural environments,(2)clarifying the coupling of fungal-promoted silicate mineral weathering with geological and geochemical processes,and(3)leveraging functional fungi to improve the efficiency of terrestrial enhanced silicate weathering for carbon removal.These investigations will deepen our understanding of the role of fungi in key surface processes,provide important information for Earth system models(GEOCARB,COPSE,and SCION),enhance the accuracy of predictions regarding the interactions of different spheres in Earth systems,and offer new methods and scientific evidence for the effective carbon sequestration through enhanced silicate weathering.