Pickering乳液自组装CL-20/n-Al/F2605复合空心微球的制备与性能

Preparation and Characterization of CL-20/n-Al/F2605 Composite Hollow Microspheres Self-Assembled by Pickering Emulsion

高能量、高爆热的六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)/Al复合物由于自身的高感度而限制了在炸药领域的广泛应用。为制备高能量和高安全性的CL-20/Al含能复合材料,采用Pickering乳液法制备了空心球形CL-20/n-Al/F2605(氟橡胶)复合物,并对Pickering乳液稳定性、复合物表面结构、热分解、燃烧及安全性能进行了分析。结果显示:当2 mL乙酸乙酯中溶解的CL-20固体质量为0.10~0.14 g、油水质量比在1:5~1:7之间、超声时间小于30 min、静置时间小于120 min时,形成的乳液稳定性好。该复合物表面结构粗糙,中位径d_(50)为73.17μm,各组分复合均匀。复合物的热分解峰温和活化能分别为236.7℃、164.6 kJ/mol,n-Al和F2605降低了CL-20分解过程中21.2%的活化能。复合物平均线性燃速为7.14 cm/s;特性落高H_(50)为39.5 cm,和原料CL-20相比提升了26.5 cm,安全性能得到提高。

High-energy and high-heat of detonation hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)/Al compo-site has limited its wide application in the field of explosives due to its high sensitivity.In order to prepare CL-20/Al energetic composites with high energy and safety performance,hollow spherical CL-20/n-Al/F2605 composites were prepared by Pickering emulsion method.Stability of Pickering emulsion,surface structure,thermal decomposition,combustion and safety performances of the composites were analyzed.The results show that the stability of the emulsion is good when the solid mass of CL-20 dissolved in 2 mL of ethyl acetate is 0.10~0.14 g,the mass ratio of oil to water is between 15 and 17,the ultrasonic time is less than 30 min,and the standing time is less than 120 min.The surface structure of the composite is rough,d 50 is about 73.17μm,and the components are uniformly compounded.Thermal decomposition peak tempe-rature and activation energy of the composites are 236.7℃and 164.6 kJ/mol,respectively.Activation energy of CL-20 in decomposition process is reduced by 21.2%by n-Al and F2605.Average linear burning rate of the composites is 7.14 cm/s.Its characteristic drop height H_(50) is 39.5 cm,which is 26.5 cm higher than that of raw material CL-20,and the safety performance is improved.