不同鲜食玉米品种鞘腐病抗病性及生防菌剂防病效果研究

Resistance of Different Fresh Maize Varieties to Sheath Rot and Control Effects of Biocontrol Agents on Disease

为明确不同鲜食玉米品种对鞘腐病抗性、鞘腐病在玉米不同生态位叶鞘的分布特征及生防菌剂对病害的防治效果,测定了15个福建省主推玉米品种对鞘腐病的田间抗性,选用6个不同抗性水平的玉米品种为研究对象,于乳熟期调查了不同玉米品种各叶鞘的病情及9种生防菌剂处理对“上品”关键叶鞘病害的控制效果。结果表明,参试玉米对鞘腐病表现中抗、中感和感病的品种分别有5个、7个和3个。在屏南自然发病试验地和福州人工辅助接种试验地,6个玉米品种“上品(感病)”、“京科糯2000(感病)”、“天贵糯932(感病)”、“农科368(中感)”、“泰鲜甜2号(中抗)”、“闽甜986(中抗)”穗上第1叶鞘至穗下第3叶鞘平均病情指数分别为35.05、44.75、45.54和39.78,而其他叶鞘平均病情指数介于6.67~28.77之间。在屏南试验地有4个玉米品种(上品和天贵糯932除外)和福州试验地有6个玉米品种病情严重度在各生态位叶鞘上均呈显著正态性分布(P>0.05)。施用生防菌剂能明显抑制感病品种“上品”鞘腐病病情,稀释20、50倍的8×10^(9) CFU/mL枯草芽胞杆菌T122F发酵液和5×10^(9) CFU/mL解淀粉芽胞杆菌NJ-1发酵液对病害的防效分别为46.37%、44.78%和44.03%、41.06%,稀释500倍的400亿芽胞/g枯草芽胞杆菌水溶性粉剂、1000亿芽胞/g解淀粉芽胞杆菌水溶性粉剂和30亿芽胞/g甲基营养型芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂的防病效果分别达44.25%、36.81%和46.26%,比150μg/mL的25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油防效(59.50%)和12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂的防效(54.82%)略低。表明利用生防菌剂预防玉米鞘腐病具有较好的应用前景,本研究结果为鲜食玉米病害绿色防控提供科学依据。

In order to definite the resistance of fresh maize varieties to maize sheath rot,the characteristics of disease distribution in different ecological niches sheath and control effects of biocontrol agent,the resistance of 15 main maize varieties in Fujian province to sheath rot were determined,and six maize varieties with different resistance levels were selected as research objects to definite the disease distribution in different sheath of maize varieties,and the control effects of 9 kinds of biocontrol agents on diseases in key sheath of“Shangpin”were investigated at milk ripening stage.The results showed that the number of the tested resistance maize varieties to sheath rot which showed the moderate resistance, moderate susceptibility and susceptibility were 5, 7 and 3, respectively. In Pingnan tested area under nature conditions and Fuzhou tested area under field conditions with artificial inoculation, the average disease index of 6 tested varieties including “Shangpin” (susceptible), “Jingkenuo 2000” (susceptible), “Tianguicuo 932” (susceptible), “Nongke 368” (middle susceptible), “Taixiantian No. 2” (middle resistant) and “Mintian 986” (middle resistant) , which from the first sheath up the ear to the third sheath below the ear, were 35.05, 44.75, 45.54 and 39.78, respectively, and the average disease index of other sheath ranged from 6.67 to 28.77. The severity of maize sheath rot in all ecological niches sheath of the 4 maize varieties (Except for "Shangpin" and "Tianguicuo 932") in Pingnan tested area and the 6 maize varieties in Fuzhou tested area displayed normal distribution (P>0.05). The application of biocontrol agents could significantly inhibit sheath rot in susceptible variety "Shangpin". The control effects of fermented liquid of Bacillus subtilis T122F (8×10^(9) CFU/mL) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJ-1 (5×10^(9) CFU/mL), diluted 20 and 50 times, were 46.37%, 44.78% and 44.03%, 41.06%, respectively. And the control effects of 40 billion gemmae/g water-soluble powder of B. subtilis, 100 billion gemmae/g water-soluble powder of B.amyloliquefaciens and 3 billion gemmae/g wettable powder of Bacillus methyltrophicum, diluted 500 times, were 44.25%, 36.81% and 46.26%, which slightly lower than that of 25% pyrazoletin EC (59.50%) and 12.5% flucyclozole SC (54.82%) of 150 μg/mL. Using biocontrol agents to prevent sheath rot showed a good application prospect. The results provided scientific basis for the green control of maize diseases.