面向产黏性卵鱼类繁殖需求的水风光生态协同调度

Ecological Operation of Hydro-wind-solar Hybrid Energy Systems Considering the Reproductive Demand of Adhesive Spawning Fish

黏性卵黏附于砾石表面或砾石间隙中、近岸浅坑中发育孵化,对产卵场水文条件有特定需求。水风光互补运行下水电调峰造成日内下泄流量变化率增大,易导致黏性鱼卵暴露于空气中干燥死亡。已有生态流量缺乏日内流量变化率的量化研究,水风光协同调度缺乏鱼类繁殖适宜流量过程的考虑。提出通过计算不同流量工况下鱼类繁殖适宜生境面积的重叠率,以评估不同基准流量下生态适宜的流量变化率。同时,综合考虑水电调峰对新能源消纳及其对水文情势的改变,提出一种面向鱼类繁殖需求的水风光生态协同调度模型。以羊曲坝下河段为例,结果表明,为满足产黏沉性卵鱼类繁殖需求,最大流量增率不宜超过120 m^(3)/(s·h);生态权衡调度方案相比调峰效益最大解,平水和枯水时期分别减少7%和6%的新能源消纳量,减少2%和6%的水电出力,但水文情势的改变量相比降低了15%和21%。研究成果可为鱼类产卵期水电站生态调度优化运行提供技术支撑,促进水电可持续发展。

The adhesive spawning fish eggs adhere to the gravel surface or gravel gap,and hatch in shallow pits near shore,which have spe⁃cific requirements for hydrological conditions in spawning grounds.After the complementary operation of hydro-wind-solar,the peak regula⁃tion of hydropower causes a greater fluctuation in the subdaily downstream flow,which can lead to the exposure and drying of adhesivespawning fish eggs in the air,affecting the hatching rate of the eggs.Most existing ecological flow research lack quantitative studies on the al⁃teration rates of interday flow,and the coordinated scheduling of hydro-wind-solar often lacks consideration of the suitable flow for fish re⁃production.This paper proposes a new method for evaluating the subdaily flow variation by calculating the overlap ratio of suitable habitat ar⁃eas under different flow conditions from the perspective of fish reproductive demands.Furthermore,by comprehensively considering the con⁃sumption of new energy and changes in hydrological conditions caused by hydropower peak shaving,a hydro-wind-solar ecological coopera⁃tive scheduling model oriented to the reproductive needs of adhesive-spawning fish is proposed.Taking the lower reaches of Yangqu Dam as an example,the results indicate that in order to meet the reproductive needs of fish that lay adhesive eggs,the maximum hourly flow rate al⁃teration should not exceed 120 m3(/s·h).Compared with the peak shaving scheduling scheme,the ecological scheduling scheme reduces the consumption of new energy by 7%and 6%respectively during normal and dry periods,and reduces hydropower output by 2%and 6%respec⁃tively.However,the change in hydrological conditions is reduced by 15%and 21%.The research results can provide technical support for the optimization operation of hydropower ecological scheduling during the spawning period of adhesive-spawning fish,and promote the sustainable development of hydropower.