技术民族主义及其对美国对华科技政策的塑造

Techno-nationalism and Its Influence on U.S.Technology Policy Towards China

随着科学技术成为大国博弈的核心领域,技术民族主义在美国再次兴起。美国技术民族主义有着鲜明的美国特质,表现为“美国至上”的优越感、“边疆主义”的扩张性、“唯我独尊”的排他性和“臆造敌人”的非理性。美国技术民族主义的实质是技术霸权主义,它通过作用于大众对国际环境的感知和解读,塑造对华认知,开展国内动员,深刻影响着美国对华科技政策的目标和手段。美国对中国信息通信业的打压生动诠释了美国技术民族主义的作用机制:臆造中国相关产业威胁美国国家安全,丑化中国企业形象,制造不实舆论,滥用立法、行政、司法手段,拉拢裹挟盟友共同对华施压。面对中国科技的加速追赶,以维护霸权为根本目的的美国技术民族主义将在相当长时期内发挥影响,这将进一步加剧大国竞争和地缘政治对抗。

With technology coming to the forefront of great power competition,there has been a resurgence of techno-nationalism in the United States.U.S.techno-nationalism is marked by distinct American characteristics,including an“America First”sense of superiority,an expansionist tendency of the“American frontier”,an arrogance of“exceptionalism”that excludes others,and irrational“fear-mongering”.U.S.techno-nationalism is by its very nature techno-hegemony.It shapes U.S.perceptions of China and mobilizes domestic support by influencing the American public's understanding and interpretation of the international situation,therefore significantly influencing the goals and means of U.S.technology policy towards China.U.S.suppression of China's information and communication industry vividly illustrates how the mechanism of American techno-nationalism works:by fabricating threats posed by Chinese industries to U.S.national security,defaming the image of Chinese companies,generating false public opinions,abusing the governments legislative,executive and judicial powers,as well as enticing and coercing allies into jointly pressuring China.In response to China's rapid technological progress,U.S.techno-nationalism,with its fundamental goal of safeguarding American hegemony,will continue to influence U.S.technology policy towards China for the long run,further intensifying great power competition and geopolitical confrontation.