农村中老年男性HIV/AIDS歧视现状及影响因素的路径分析

Path Analysis of the Status and Influencing Factors of HIV/AIDS Discrimination in Rural Male Elderly

目的:分析农村地区50岁及以上男性的HIV/AIDS歧视现状及其影响因素,探讨文化程度、抑郁、艾滋病知识、高危性行为态度影响HIV/AIDS歧视的路径。方法:采用整群与立意抽样相结合的方法对彭州市3个乡镇240名中老年男性进行访谈式问卷调查。采用多元线性回归分析HIV/AIDS歧视的影响因素,利用路径模型分析影响因素之间的关系。结果:在240名农村中老年男性中,HIV/AIDS歧视平均得分为(3.00±0.68)分。多元线性回归分析显示,文化程度、抑郁、艾滋病知识、高危性行为态度是HIV/AIDS歧视的影响因素。路径分析显示,文化程度对HIV/AIDS歧视有直接效应(β=-0.196,P<0.01)和间接效应(β=-0.190,P<0.01),抑郁对歧视有间接效应(β=0.025,P<0.05),艾滋病知识对歧视有直接效应(β=-0.273,P<0.01),高危性行为态度对歧视有直接效应(β=-0.196,P<0.01),艾滋病知识和高危性行为态度具有中介效应。结论:彭州市农村地区中老年男性HIV/AIDS歧视态度较严重,文化程度和抑郁均可通过艾滋病知识、高危性行为态度影响HIV/AIDS歧视。应重点关注低文化程度农村中老年人群的抑郁和高危性行为态度,通过艾滋病健康教育并加强日常关怀和开展心理咨询服务,以提高他们的艾滋病知识水平,减轻抑郁情绪,降低该人群的HIV/AIDS歧视水平。

Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS discrimination among males aged over 50 years old in rural areas,and explore the path of education level,depression,HIV/AIDS knowledge and high-risk sexual behavior attitude affecting HIV/AIDS discrimination.Methods An interview questionnaire survey was conducted among 240 elderly men from 3 towns in rural Pengzhou by using the method of cluster and intention sampling.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HIV/AIDS discrimination.And the relationship among different influencing factors was analyzed by using the path model.Results Among 240 rural elderly men,the average HIV/AIDS discrimination score was(3.00±0.68).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level,depression,HIV/AIDS knowledge and high-risk sexual behavior attitude were the factors influencing HIV/AIDS discrimination.Path analysis showed that education level had direct(β=-0.196,P<0.01)and indirect(β=-0.190,P<0.01)effects on HIV/AIDS discrimination,and depression had indirect(β=0.025,P<0.05)effects on discrimination.HIV/AIDS knowledge had a direct effect on discrimination(β=-0.273,P<0.01),high-risk sexual behavior attitude had a direct effect on discrimination(β=-0.196,P<0.01),and HIV/AIDS knowledge and high-risk sexual behavior attitude had an intermediary effect.Conclusion HIV/AIDS discrimination among the elderly men in rural Pengzhou is serious.Education level and depression can affect HIV/AIDS discrimination through HIV/AIDS knowledge and high-risk sexual behavior attitude.Attentions should be paid to the depression and high-risk sexual behavior attitudes of rural middle-aged and elderly people with low education level.It is suggested to intensify AIDS health education,daily care and psychological counseling services,which can improve their AIDS knowledge level,alleviate their depression,and reduce HIV/AIDS discrimination level.