关于四川彭州竹瓦街出土“列罍”问题的再研究

A Further Study on the Excavated"Lining Lei Vessels"from Zhuwajie,Pengzhou,Sichuan Province

20世纪50年代后,四川彭县竹瓦街的两处窖藏出土过两批青铜罍。第一批在1959年,一号窖藏出土五件青铜罍;第二批在1980年,二号窖藏出土四件青铜罍。冯汉骥认为一号窖藏出土的五件青铜罍可视之为列罍,而后赵殿增赞同冯汉骥的观点,并认为二号窖藏原来应为五件,由于某种原因有一件未埋入坑中。本文认为竹瓦街的青铜罍不符合所谓“列罍”标准。从理论上来说,窖藏铜器的性质不同于墓葬铜器,组合关系不可信,利用窖藏资料来研究青铜器的组合关系,是有风险的。从实际情况来看,竹瓦街一号窖藏出土五件罍,二号窖藏出土四件罍,已经显示出两处出土罍的数量不同,而且其中有成双成对的三组罍,也明显不符合“列器”的规则。况且,迄今为止,还没有发现竹瓦街以外的中国其他地区有出土所谓“列罍”的考古实例。

Since the 1950s,two hoards of bronze lei vessels have been unearthed at Zhuwajie in Peng County,Sichuan.The first batch was discovered in 1959 from hoard no.1,yielding five bronze lei vessels.The second batch was found in 1980 from hoard no.2,yielding four bronze lei vessels.Feng Hanji suggested that the five bronze lei vessels from hoard no.1 could be considered a set of"lining lei vessels."Zhao Dianzeng later agreed with Feng's view and speculated that hoard no.2 originally would have contained five bronze lei vessels,but one was not buried for some reason.This article argues that the bronze lei vessels from Zhuwajie do not meet the criteria to be considered"lining lei vessels."Theoretically,the nature of hoarded bronzes differs from that of bronzes found in tombs,lacking reliable assemblage relationships.Using data from bronze hoards to study the assemblage relationships of bronzes is a risky approach.Practically speaking,the different quantities of lei vessels found in hoard no.1(five in total)and hoard no.2(four in total),including three pairs,clearly do not adhere to the rules of"lining vessels."Furthermore,no archaeological examples of"lining lei vessels"have been found outside Zhuwajie in other regions of China to date.