“石鼓歌”与宋代士人的儒家理想——兼论苏轼“读书万卷不读律”

The"Stone Drum Song"and Confucian Ideals of Song Dynasty Scholars and Confucian Ideals of Song Dynasty Scholars:A Discussion on Su Shi's"Reading Ten Thousand Volumes Without Reading the Law"

宋代“石鼓歌”系列题咏是宋代金石学与文学碰撞的结果。宋代士人通过“石鼓歌”这一形式,开展金石器物的文字考证、史实论辩、审美活动,表达相关政治理想。宋人将学术考辨融入诗歌写作,将个人体验带入历史叙事,表达致君尧舜的政治期许与现实关怀。苏轼、苏辙进而以石鼓这一周宣王时遗物与秦朝统治作对比,思考“王霸之辨”,以儒家礼乐文明的道德理想主义超越法家的实用主义,呈现了金石学背后宋代士人深沉而厚重的精神世界。

The series of"Stone Drum Song"poems from the Song Dynasty resulted from the intersection of epigraphy and literature.The scholars in the Song dynasty used the"Stone Drum Song"to conduct textual research on ancient in-scriptions,debate historical facts,engage in aesthetic activities,and express related political ideals.These scholars inte-grated academic debates into poetry,brought personal experiences into historical narratives,and conveyed their politi-cal aspirations and concerns.Su Shi and Su Zhe further compared the Stone Drums,relics from the Zhou dynasty,with the Qin dynasty's rule,contemplating the"distinction between kingship and hegemony."They employed Confu-cian moral idealism of ritual and music to transcend the legalist pragmatism,thus revealing the profound and weighty spiritual world of scholars of the Song dynasty behind the study of epigraphy.