天红2号苹果花芽分化期枝条和叶片碳水化合物含量和C/N变化

Changes of Carbohydrate Content and C/N in Branches and Leaves during Flower Bud Differentiation of Tianhong 2 Apple

以天红2号苹果为试材,研究不同砧木短枝和中枝在花芽分化期间叶片和枝条中碳水化合物含量和C/N变化情况。结果表明,稳产期天红2号苹果成花率不受砧木影响。整个花芽分化期,无论嫁接在SH40中间砧还是八棱海棠乔砧上,在同一枝类中,天红2号苹果叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖和氮含量高于枝条,淀粉含量和C/N低于枝条。嫁接在SH40中间砧上的天红2号苹果成花率高的短枝叶片淀粉和果糖含量低于成花率低的中枝叶片,可溶性糖、蔗糖含量和C/N于花芽分化初期至花瓣原基分化期高于中枝叶片,短枝枝条可溶性糖、果糖含量和C/N低于中枝枝条,短枝枝条淀粉含量于花瓣原基分化期前高于中枝枝条;嫁接在八棱海棠乔砧上的天红2号苹果成花率高的短枝叶片可溶性糖、淀粉、果糖含量和C/N低于成花率低的中枝叶片,短枝枝条可溶性糖、果糖含量和C/N低于中枝枝条,短枝枝条淀粉含量于转化期低于中枝枝条。说明碳水化合物含量和C/N的高低对苹果成花不起决定性作用。在整个花芽分化期,叶片中可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势,枝条中淀粉含量和C/N呈波动性上升趋势,说明天红2号苹果花芽形态分化需要碳水化合物和C/N的积累。

The changes of carbohydrate content and C/N in the leaves and branches of short and medium branches with different rootstocks during flower bud differentiation in Tianhong 2 apple were studied.The results showed that the flowering rate of Tianhong 2 apple was not affected by rootstocks during the stable yield stage.During the whole flower bud differentiation period,in the same branch of SH40 interstock and vigorous stock,the contents of soluble sugar,sucrose,fructose and nitrogen exhibited higher levels in leaves compared to branches,while the content of starch and C/N displayed lower levels.Within SH40 interstock,the contents of starch and fructose were lower in leaves of short branch with high flowering rate compared to those in leaves of medium branch with low flowering rate.The contents of soluble sugar,sucrose and C/N were higher in leaves of short branch than those in leaves of medium branch from the initial differentiation stage to petal primordium stage.The contents of soluble sugar,fructose and C/N were lower in branches of short branch than those in medium branch,and the starch content was higher in branches of short branch than that in medium branch before the petal primordium stage.Similarly for vigorous stock,the contents of soluble sugar,starch,fructose and C/N were lower in leaves of short branch with high flowering rate compared to those in leaves of medium branch with low flowering rate.The contents of soluble sugar,fructose and C/N were lower in branches of short branch than those in medium branch,and the starch content was lower in branches of short branch than that in medium branch during the transformation stage.It was concluded that carbohydrate content and C/N did not play a decisive role in apple flowering.During the whole flower bud differentiation period,there was an increasing trend in the soluble sugar content in leaves,while the content of starch and C/N in branches showed a fluctuating upward trend,suggesting that the accumulation of carbohydrates and C/N was essential for the morphological differentiation of Tianhong 2 apple flower buds.