1943年国民政府行使治藏主权军事行动之探析

An Examination of the National Government’s Military Measures in the 1943 Sovereignty Exercise over Tibet

1943年初,西藏地方政府上层中的亲英派企图阻止盟国援华物资经由西藏运往内地,此举引发国民政府强烈反应。国民政府积极采取军事行动,向青海玉树地区秘密部署军队,这一系列举动引起西藏上层亲英派和英国的高度关注。英国采取种种外交手段阻止国民政府用兵西藏计划,并劝说西藏地方政府重启陆运。驻扎于青藏交界地区的军队在陆运重启之后并未返回原驻地。英国在太平洋会议上得到国民政府外交部长宋子文关于国民政府不会发动内战的口头保证,以为事情告一段落,却得知国民政府在西藏东部再次增兵。英国认为国民政府有借武力解决西藏地方政府不服从中央政府命令等问题的计划,可能会损害其在藏利益,遂联合美国不断向国民政府施压。通过不懈努力,最终国民政府实现重启陆运,确保治藏主权。

The National Government(NG) reacted forcefully when the pro-British faction in Tibet’s highest echelons of local administration tried to block the passage of allied aid to China in early 1943.NG secretly sent troops to the Yushu region of Qinghai and resumed postal service in an effort to assert its military sovereignty over Tibet.This move greatly alarmed the British and pro- British elements in Tibet’s upper echelons of local government.In an effort to meddle in China’s domestic affairs,the British used a variety of diplomatic strategies,and they also convinced the local Tibetan authority to resurrect land transportation.After land transportation resumed,the troops stationed in Qinghai did not go back to their previous positions.The British believed that the situation had ended when they heard in July that NG had again increased its troop strength in eastern Tibet,despite verbal promises from Mr.T.V.Soong,the Foreign Minister of NG,that the government would not initiate a civil war at the Pacific Conference.Britain joined forces with the United States to exert pressure on NG,believing it had a plan to resolve the Tibet issue through force.The National Government succeeded in resuming land transportation,and was able to assert its rule over Tibet.