现代汉语贬抑性评价构式“破NP”研究

Research on the derogatory evaluation construct “ po NP” in modern Chinese

现代汉语中的“破NP”构式是主观性强的贬抑性评价构式,其构式义丰富,可分为直接贬抑、间接贬抑、假性贬抑、自我贬抑、反预期贬抑五种不同情况,这五种构式义与构素“NP”之间是互相选择的关系,从历时角度来看,“破NP”经过重新分析从动宾结构演变为定中结构,引发了“破”从动词到形容词的词性演变过程,最终“破”虚化为泛义形容词,“破NP”构式由此产生。在东北官话中,“破NP”构式常与方言特征鲜明的程度副词“老”结合成强贬抑性评价构式“老破NP”,“老破NP”构式又派生出“老NP”构式,属于纯粹的强贬抑性评价构式。“破NP”作为现代汉语中最常用的强贬抑性构式之一,其深层的构式义、词义演变过程及其在方言中的派生形式对于接受国际中文教育的留学生来说是很难理解的,因此我们希望通过对以上三个方面的探究修正留学生对“破NP”构式理解上的偏误,并激发留学生对中文当中其他语言现象含义及其演变过程的主动理解和探索。

The construction of “ po NP” in modern Chinese is a highly subjective derogatory evaluation construction with rich meaning, which can be divided into five different situations: direct derogatory, indirect derogatory, false derogatory, self-derogatory and antipatory derogatory. There is a mutual selection relationship between these five constructs and the construct “NP”. From the diachronic point of view, after re-analysis, “ po NP” evolved from verb-object structure to definite-medium structure, which led to the process of part of speech evolution of “ po ” from verb to adjective. Finally, “ po ” became a vain adjective, and the construction of “ po NP” came into being. In Northeast Chinese Mandarin, the construction of “ po NP” is often combined with the degree adverb “ lao ” with distinctive dialect characteristics to form the strong derogatory evaluation construction “ lao po NP”, which in turn derives the construction of “ lao NP”, which belongs to the pure strong derogatory evaluation construction.As one of the most commonly used strong derogatory constructions in modern Chinese, “ Po NP” is difficult for international Chinese students to understand in terms of its deep construction meaning, word meaning evolution process, and its derivative forms in dialects. Therefore, we hope to correct the misunderstanding of “ Po NP” construction by exploring the above three aspects, and stimulate international students to actively understand and explore the meaning and evolution process of other language phenomena in Chinese.