天津市中心城区典型城市形态原型中建筑形态的热环境效应

Thermal environmental effects of building morphology in typical urban form prototypes in the central urban area of Tianjin

以天津市中心城区为例,使用Landsat-8遥感影像反演地表温度(LST),以表征城市热环境。同时,采用建筑数据量化17种建筑形态指标,并识别9种典型城市形态原型。在此基础上,分析不同城市形态原型间的地表温度差异,并用多元线性逐步回归方法探究不同城市形态原型中建筑形态的热环境效应。结果表明:①不同城市形态原型之间的夏季地表温度差异显著,低层高密度区地表温度均值最高,高层低密度区最低;②不同城市形态原型中建筑形态对夏季地表温度均有显著影响,但影响程度存在差异;③不同城市形态原型中各建筑形态因素对夏季地表温度影响方向一致,但重要性存在差异。因此,城市开发和更新中应关注城市形态模式和建筑形态,提出因地制宜的建筑形态调控策略。

The urban thermal environment is deteriorating due to global warming and urbanization.Scholars worldwide are focused on lowering the land surface temperature(LST)to mitigate this issue.Building morpho-logy significantly influences LST by affecting thermal radiation and wind speed.While numerous studies have examined the impact of 2D and 3D building morphologies on LST,many have lacked comprehensive consider-ation of relevant indicators and thorough analysis based on zoning schemes for various architectural features.In this study,the central urban area of Tianjin was used as a case study,and Landsat-8 remote sensing imagery was utilized to retrieve LST using the radiative transfer equation to characterize the urban thermal environment.Concurrently,building data were employed to quantify 17 building morphology indicators and identify 9 typic-al urban form prototypes.Subsequently,the differences in LST among the various urban form prototypes were analyzed,and the thermal environmental effects of building morphology within these prototypes were ex-amined using multiple linear stepwise regression.The findings indicate that:1)significant differences in sum-mer LST were observed among different urban form prototypes,with the highest mean LST in low-rise,high-density blocks(42.58℃)and the lowest in high-rise,low-density blocks(38.16℃);2)building morphology within different urban form prototypes had a significant impact on summer LST,although the degree of influ-ence varied.The high-rise,high-density blocks had the greatest influence on LST(explanation degree of 45.9%),while the multi-rise,low-density blocks had the smallest influence(17.6%);3)within typical urban form prototypes,there was a coexistence of differences and consistency in the response of summer LST to vari-ous building morphology indicators.Across all urban form prototypes,the direction of influence of each build-ing morphology factor on LST was consistent,but its relative importance varied.Therefore,future urban plan-ning and urban renewal should avoid low-rise,high-density configurations and prioritize high-rise,low-density ones to enhance the thermal environment.Adjusting and regulating building morphology within limited land and space resources can improve the urban thermal environment.Differentiated building morphology planning and design strategies should be implemented with targeted solutions based on the thermal effects of various urban form prototypes.