显著轻微违约的认定问题探析

An Analysis of the Cognizance of Significant Minor Breach of Contract

约定解除权属于当事人意思自治的范畴,为了维护交易稳定和利益平衡,《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》第47条确立了轻微违约下限制约定解除权发生的规则,但对于何为“显著轻微违约”以及限制行使约定解除权后守约方的权益如何保障等问题,则并未作出说明。《关于适用《民法典》合同编通则部分的解释(征求意见稿)》也未对上述问题予以回应。因此有必要探讨“显著轻微违约”的判断标准,建立与限制约定解除权行使规则相配套的制度,完善守约方的权利救济途径,避免造成双方利益失衡。

The right to rescind an agreement belongs to the scope of party autonomy,but in order to maintain the stability of the transaction and balance of interests.Article 47 of the summary of the civil and commercial trial work meeting of the National Court establishes the rules for limiting the right of rescission under minor breach of contract,there is no explanation on what is"significant minor breach"and how to protect the rights and interests of the complying party after restricting the exercise of the right of rescission."On the application of the Civil Code&GT.Contract compilation part of the interpretation(draft)"also did not respond to the above-mentioned issues.Therefore,it is necessary to discuss the criterion of"significant minor breach",and to establish a system to match the exercise of the right of rescission,so as to perfect the right relief way of the party complying with the contract and a-void the imbalance of interests between the two parties.