小电流真空电弧多物理场仿真耦合机理研究

Study on Coupling Mechanism of Multi-physical Field Simulation for Low Current Vacuum Arc

真空开关开断过程中产生的真空电弧涉及电、磁、热等多物理场耦合及多物性参数变化,研究其特性对于改进真空开关至关重要。为此,建立小电流真空电弧多物理场耦合模型,利用COMSOL Multiphysics对燃烧过程中的温度、压力、速度、电流密度、磁场强度等关键参量进行仿真,并分析多物理场间耦合机理。结果表明:等离子体温度、压力、电流密度最大值均在阴极表面中心处,磁场最大处靠近阴极侧,速度最大处靠近阳极侧;温度场、电流密度场、磁场随时间变化波动趋势基本一致,速度场波动滞后于压力场。

The vacuum arc generated during the breaking process of a vacuum switch involves multiple physical field couplings such as electricity,magnetism,and heat,as well as changes in multiple physical parameters.It is crucial studying the characteristics of the vacuum arc for improving vacuum circuit breakers.This study establishes a small current vacuum arc multi-physics field coupling model,using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate key parameters such as temperature,pressure,velocity,current density,magnetic field intensity,etc.during the combustion process,and analyzes the coupling mechanism between multi-physics fields.The results show that the maximum plasma temperature,pressure,and current density are all located at the center of the cathode surface,the maximum magnetic field is near the cathode side,and the maximum velocity is near the anode side.The fluctuation trends of temperature field,current density field,and magnetic field over time are basically consistent,while the fluctuation of velocity field lags behind that of pressure field.