2018—2022年济南市章丘区水痘流行病学特征分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Chickenpox in Zhangqiu District,Jinan City From 2018 to 2022

目的分析济南市章丘区水痘流行病学特征,为制定水痘预防控制工作提供依据。方法选取济南市章丘区2018—2022年水痘病例资料,运用描述流行病学方法,分析2018—2022年章丘区水痘发病情况及不同时间、地区、性别、年龄、职业等分布情况。结果2018—2022年济南市章丘区共出现水痘病例1549例,发病率为28.60/10万(1549/5417017),不同年份水痘发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);水痘发病主要集中在冬春季节,11月份发病最多,占比为18.27%(283/1549);城区水痘发病率高于农村(P<0.001);男女比例为1.21∶1;>4~19岁最多,占比为68.69%(1064/1549),高发年龄段呈现后移趋势;学生、幼托儿童、散居儿童为主要发病群体,占比为89.48%(1386/1549);有免疫史占9.04%(140/1549),无免疫史占82.89%(1284/1549),免疫史不详占8.07%(125/1549)。结论2018—2022年济南市章丘区水痘发病整体呈下降趋势,特别是20岁以下群体防控措施效果明显,但仍需要加强学校机构免疫接种工作及高发季节重点学校机构防控工作,此文的研究结果为《水痘疫苗预防接种专家共识》后期标准制定提供了借鉴内容。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Zhangqiu District,Jinan City,and provide a basis for formulating chickenpox prevention and control measures.Methods The data of chickenpox cases in Zhangqiu District,Jinan City from 2018 to 2022 were selected to analyze the incidence of chickenpox in Zhangqiu District from 2018 to 2022 and its distribution in different time,region,gender,age and occupation by descriptive epidemiological method.Results From 2018 to 2022,there were 1549 chickenpox cases in Zhangqiu District,Jinan City,incidence rate was 28.60/100000(1549/5417017).The incidence rate of chickenpox in different years was statistically significant(P<0.001).The incidence of chickenpox was mainly concentrated in the winter and spring seasons,with the highest incidence in November,accounting for 18.27%(283/1549).The incidence rate of chickenpox in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(P<0.001).The male to female ratio is 1.21∶1.The age group between>14-19 years old had the highest proportion,accounting for 68.69%(1064/1549),and the high incidence age group showed a backward trend.Students,preschool children,and scattered children were the main groups of incidence,accounting for 89.48%(1386/1549),9.04%(140/1549)had a history of immunity,82.89%(1284/1549)had no history of immunity,and 8.07%(125/1549)had an unknown history of immunity.Conclusion From 2018 to 2022,the overall incidence of chickenpox in Zhangqiu District,Jinan City showed a downward trend,especially for the group under 20 years old.The effectiveness of prevention and control measures is significant,but it is still necessary to strengthen the immunization work in school institutions and the prevention and control work in key school institutions during the high incidence season.The research results of this article provide reference content for the later standard formulation of the ExpertConsensusonChickenpoxVaccine PreventionandVaccination.