六安市鼠形动物中5种病原体检测结果分析

Analysis of detection results of 5 pathogens in rodent in Lu’an City

目的 掌握2021年9月至2023年12月六安市鼠形动物中携带5种病原体的分布情况,为本地鼠传疾病的防控和预警提供科学依据。方法 在六安市的金安区、霍邱县、舒城县选取农村居民区、城镇居民区、重点行业、农田耕地等不同的生境,捕获鼠形动物,无菌解剖后采集肝、脾、肺、肾4种组织样品,用实时荧光定量PCR法检测钩端螺旋体、莫氏立克次体、恙虫病东方体、新型布尼亚病毒和汉坦病毒5种病原体。使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析,阳性率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果 共检测502份鼠形动物的组织样本,钩端螺旋体核酸检测阳性率为5.58%(28/502),黑线姬鼠携带钩端螺旋体的阳性率最高,为9.09%(19/209);汉坦病毒阳性率为1.39%(7/502);新型布尼亚病毒、恙虫病东方体和莫氏立克次体未检出。农田耕地中的鼠形动物携带钩端螺旋体和汉坦病毒阳性率均最高,分别为8.96%(19/212)和3.30%(7/212)。雌性鼠形动物携带钩端螺旋体、汉坦病毒阳性率(8.02%、2.47%)均高于雄性鼠形动物(4.41%、0.88%)。结论 六安市鼠形动物中钩端螺旋体和汉坦病毒感染水平较高,黑线姬鼠是钩端螺旋体的主要宿主,农田耕地中鼠形动物钩端螺旋体和汉坦病毒检出率最高。人群中存在感染鼠传疾病的风险,应做好防控工作,以降低人群感染风险。

Objective To understand the distribution of 5 pathogens in rodents in Lu’an City from September 2021 to December 2023,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of local rodent⁃borne diseases and early warning systems.Methods In Jin’an District,Huoqiu County,and Shucheng County of Lu’an City,different habitats including rural residential areas,urban residential areas,key industries and farmland were selected.Liver,spleen,lung and kidney of the captured rodents,were collected after sterile dissection.Five pathogens,including Leptospira,Rickettsia moi,Orientia tsutsugamushi,new bunyavirus and hantavirus,were detected by the real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR.The data were analyzed with the use of SPSS 26.0,and the positive rates were compared using the Chi-square test.Results A total of 502 tissue samples from rodents were detected,the positive rate of Leptospira was 5.58%(28/502),and the positive rate of Apodemus agrarius carrying Leptospira was the highest,9.09%(19/209);Hantavirus positive rate was 1.39%(7/502);New bunyavirus,Orientia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia moi were not detected.The positive rates of Leptospirosis and hantavirus carried by rodents in farmland were the highest,8.96%(19/212)and 3.30%(7/212),respectively.The positive rates of Leptospira and hantavirus carried by female rodents were 8.02%and 2.47%,respectively,all higher than those of male rodents.Conclusion The infection levels of Leptospira and hantavirus were higher in rodents in Lu’an City.Apodemus agrarius was the main host of Leptospira.The detection rates of Leptospira and hantavirus in rodents on farmland were the highest.There was a risk of rodent⁃borne diseases in the population,and prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the risk of infection in the population.