中国深远海养殖的技术经济分析

Technical and Economic Analysis of China's Deep-Sea Aquaculture

落实“大食物观”保障粮食安全,推进中国海洋渔业产业转型升级,拓展海水养殖新空间,采用什么样的发展路径和发展方式是急需回答的关键问题。文章深入分析重力式网箱、桁架类网箱、养殖工船等3种深远海养殖典型生产方式的关键环节技术特点,并在此基础上,运用工程技术经济学原理与方法,进行全产业链技术经济分析与经济效果评价。解析评估表明:重力式网箱是深远海养殖的初步生产方式,也是当前产业发展的主体,但难以适合更深的开放性水域安全性要求。桁架类网箱在北方水域的应用空间有限,而在水温在相对稳定的南方海域,则有较大的发展空间,是特定水域养殖设施走向深远海的发展途径。养殖工船是未来海上工业化养殖的发展方向,但一次性投入强度大,产业链配套是需要逐步完善。文章的分析结果可为深远海养殖渔场建设提供理论参考与借鉴。

To effectively implement the"all-encompassing approach to food"and ensure food security,it is crucial to determine the appropriate development path and methods for China's marine fishery industry.Focuses on analyzing the technical characteristics of three key production methods in deep-sea aquaculture:gravity cage,truss cage,and aquaculture boat.By applying principles and methods of engineering technical economics,a comprehensive analysis of the entire industry chain is conducted to evaluate its technical feasibility and economic impact.The findings reveal that gravity cage serves as the primary production mode in deepsea aquaculture and currently drives industrial development.However,it faces challenges in meeting safety requirements for deeper open waters.Truss cage has limited application potential in northern waters but offers significant development opportunities in southern regions with relatively stable water temperatures.It represents a specific approach for reaching deeper sea areas through dedicated aquatic facilities.Furthermore,future industrial aquaculture should focus on mariculture as its developmental direction;however,this requires substantial initial investment intensity while gradually improving the overall industrial chain.This study provides theoretical guidance for establishing Huanghuanhai's aquaculture fishery.