仿生结构生色技术及其在纺织领域应用的研究进展

Research progress of biomimetic structural color technology and its application in textile field

针对传统印染行业高能耗、高污染的问题,急需革新染色技术,开发具有更加高效、节能和环保的染色新方法。结构色因其色彩饱和度高、色彩长期稳定且对环境友好而受到了越来越多的关注,并取得了极大进展,尤其是在纺织印染领域。首先分析了结构色的形成原理,系统总结了结构色材料的制备新技术,包括刮涂法/喷涂法、垂直沉积法、重力沉降法、浸渍提拉法、层层自组装法、电泳沉积法、静电纺丝法、磁控溅射法、原子层沉积法等,并比较了各种技术的优劣。在此基础上,进一步探讨了结构色在纺织领域中的多维应用,指出了结构色所面临的挑战,并从仿生自然发展新型结构色材料、提高结构色色彩丰富度及力学稳定性、突破结构色规模化制备技术、完善结构色产品生态等4个方面展望了结构色的未来发展方向,以期推动结构色跨越式发展,助力“碳达峰,碳中和”国家战略。

Significance The conventional printing and dyeing sector of the textile industry is known to face serious problems with environmental pollution,excessive energy consumption,and other obstacles,and there is hence an urgent need to promote green reforms for sustainable development of the textile industry.The capacity of structural color to provide textile substrate coloring without the use of chemical colorants like dyes and pigments,which is one breakthrough in addressing the current high pollution of dyeing.As a result,the textile printing and dyeing industry may become more competitive,sustainable,and profitable.This paper will look into the production of structural color fibers,their use in the textile industry,and potential future applications for structural colors.Progress Structural colors are produced by the physical interaction of periodic structures with light and differ from chemical or pigment coloring due to fundamental differences in their respective mechanisms.The surface morphology and interior microstructure of the materials affect the hue and brightness of structural colors,which offer a lot of potential for creating fiber versatility.Dyeing fabrics using photonic crystals not only provides the fabric a structural color but also adds other features like responsiveness and hydrophobicity.Polystyrene(PS),polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)and silicon dioxide(SiO 2)spheres are typical materials for obtaining structural colors.Inert black carbon fibers may be made multicolored using one of the most efficient processes for creating structural colors,ALD.The colors have high washing resistance,which gives the carbon fibers a hydrophobic quality.At present,spraying/scraping,vertical deposition,gravity deposition,dip-coating,layer-by-layer self-assembly,electrophoretic deposition,electrospinning,magnetic sputtering,and atomic layer deposition are available for the preparation of structural color fibers.Based on these methods,researchers have made efforts to explore the applications of structural colors,especially in the fields of textile printing and dyeing,smart wearables,smart textiles and sensors.Conclusion and Prospect This review analyzed the formation mechanism of structural coloring,systematically summarized the current main preparation methods of structural coloring fibers,and further explored the multidimensional applications of structural coloring in the textile field.The future development of the textile industry will be centered on eco-friendly green industrial technologies,and it is an inevitable trend to use structural colors to dye textile materials and provide them with a variety of applications.While ushering in new development opportunities,structural color is also facing some great challenges,mainly including the urgent need for new technologies to improve the color richness and mechanical,the development of new structural color materials,and breakthroughs in the scale of the preparation technology to improve the product ecology.With the in-depth research on structural colors and the continuous progress of preparation technology,the application scenarios of structural colors in many fields,such as material science,biomedicine,textiles and more.Structural color is expected to become an indispensable part of life.