经世的庄子与庄子的经世——论钟泰对庄子内圣外王之道的开显

Zhuangzi's Insight into the World and His Improvement of the World-On Zhong Tai's Explanation of Zhuangzi's Dao of Inner Sage and Outer King

历代解庄、注庄者在诠释庄子思想时,多将庄子视为岩穴之士,而忽略了其思想中所具有的经世之志与治理主张。钟泰则通过对《庄子》文本的分析,在梳理庄子形象变迁的基础上,指出了庄子思想中所具有的忧患意识与现实关照。他认为《庄子》内七篇完整地阐发了庄子本人的内圣外王之道:《逍遥游》阐明了内圣外王之道的价值指向,《齐物论》为内圣外王之道奠定了认识论基础,《养生主》指出了内圣外王之道的修养工夫,《人间世》则阐发了内圣外王之道的实践智慧,《德充符》则诠释了内圣外王之道的内在关联,《大宗师》与《应帝王》则论述了内圣外王之道的实施路径。以此内七篇为基础,钟泰分别细致剖析了庄子内圣之学与外王之道的具体含义,彰显了庄子经世思想的内在逻辑,为理解庄子治道思想开显了政治哲学视域下的诠释路径。

Historically,scholars who interpreted and annotated Zhuangzi often regarded him as a recluse while ignored the political aspirations and governance propositions contained in his thoughts.Zhong Tai analyzed the text of Chuangtse,sorted out the changes in Zhuangzi's image,and then pointed out the sense of crisis and practical care inherent in his thoughts.He believed that the seven chapters in Changtse fully elucidate Zhuangzi's own Dao of Inner Sage and Outer King.A Happy Excursion elucidated the value orientation.On Leveling All Things laid the epistemological foundation.The Preservation of Life pointed out the cultivation process.This Human World elucidated the practical wisdom.Evidence of a Full Character interpreted the internal connection.And The Great Supreme and Dealing with Emperors and Kings discussed the implementation path.Based on these seven chapters,Zhong Tai carefully analyzed the specific meanings of Inner Sage and Outer King,highlighted the internal logic of Zhuangzi's thoughts on world governance and interpreted his governance thoughts from a perspective of political philosophy.