先秦商人的儒商精神

The Confucian Spirit in Pre-Qin Merchants

春秋战国时期,在“工商食官”制度解体和儒家学派兴起的时代背景下,先秦商人将儒家学说与经商之道相结合,形成了早期的“儒商精神”,包括子贡“赐不受命”的开拓精神、“亿则屡中”的经营谋略、“博施于民”的济世情怀,范蠡“与时逐利”的经营策略、“诚信立世”的经营原则、“富好行德”的仁义情怀,白圭“智与权变”的经营策略、“勇以决断”的经营战略、“仁以取予”的经营方略、“强有所守”的经营原则等,为中国传统儒商精神的形成奠定了坚实的基础,为现代儒商文化的发展提供了有益的启示。

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,the royal families and various vassal states owned and administered all the handicraft workshops and merchants,providing them with clothing and food and driving them to serve the government.With the disintegration of such institutions and the rise of the Confucian schools,pre-Qin merchants combined Confucianism with business,forming the early“Confucian merchant spirit,”including Zigong's pioneering spirit of“engaging in commodity trading without official orders,”the business strategy of“expectation's matching reality,”the philanthropic sentiment of“benefiting the people”;Fan Li's business strategy of“pursuing profits with the times”,and the business principle of“establishing the business world with integrity”and the benevolent and righteous sentiment of“wealth to moral conduct”;Bai Gui's business strategy of“intelligence with contingency,”“courageous decisiveness,”“benevolent acquisition and concession,”“power from the compliance with own business.”All these have laid a solid foundation for the formation of the traditional Confucian merchant spirit in China,and have provided useful inspiration for the development of modern Confucian merchant culture.