东盟安全观的演变、特点及成效

The Evolution,Characteristics and Effectiveness of ASEAN’s Security Concept

自东盟成立以来,安全问题始终是其关注的焦点。作为亚太地区重要的区域合作组织,东盟对地区安全事务的观点、态度、立场和主张主要是通过发布官方文件和建立安全对话磋商机制和平台来表达的,并以此形成了东盟的安全观。东盟成立至今,其安全观大致经历了传统安全观和新安全观两个发展阶段,其主要原则是坚持东盟的自主性及中心地位、东盟方式、大国平衡、国家中心主义和开放、包容、非限制性原则,体现了鲜明的东盟特色。同时,东盟安全观在维护地区和平与稳定方面发挥了积极作用,表现在化解成员国间及其与域外国家间的矛盾,消弭彼此间的分歧,创建新的安全合作原则、规则、规范和机制,搭建安全对话与沟通平台,约束和限制成员国和域外国家的行为,预防和抑制地区国家间潜在冲突等。因此,东盟的安全观对地区安全秩序构建、区域安全架构塑造、安全环境维护以及地区的和平、稳定与繁荣均发挥着重要影响力。然而,受制于东盟有限的战略资源,东盟安全观对地区安全治理与秩序维护、规则实施以及规范推行方面的影响力和塑造力与东盟的安全战略预期还存在一定差距。稳步推进东盟一体化建设,不断增强自身实力和内部凝聚力,将是东盟未来继续主导地区安全事务的关键。

Since the establishment of Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN),security has always been a focal issue.As an important regional cooperation organization in the Asia Pacific,ASEAN primarily expresses its views on regional security through official documents and security dialogue platforms,forming its security concept.From the establishment,its security concept has generally gone through two stages:the traditional security concept and the new security concept.The main principles include maintaining the autonomy,the centrality,the ASEAN way,the balance among major powers,nation-centricity,openness,inclusiveness,and non-restrictive principles with distinct ASEAN characteristics.Meanwhile,ASEAN’s security concept has a positive role in maintaining regional peace and stability,as evidenced by the efforts to resolve conflicts among member states and with external countries,eliminate differences,create new security cooperation principles,rules,norms,and mechanisms,build security dialogues and communication platforms,and constrain and limit the behaviors of member and external states,preventing and mitigating potential conflicts among regional countries.Therefore,ASEAN’s security concept has played a crucial role in constructing regional security order,shaping regional security framework,maintaining a secure environment,and promoting regional peace,stability,and prosperity.However,constrained by its strategic resources,there is still a gap between the influence and shaping power of ASEAN’s security concept in regional security governance and order maintenance,rule implementation,and norm promotion compared to its strategic security expectations.Therefore,advancing ASEAN integration and enhancing its strength and cohesion will be key for ASEAN to lead regional security affairs in the future.