职业与学术的跨界融通:德国与瑞士高校入学资格的比较研究

Cross-border Integration of Vocational and Academic Education: A Comparative Study of Higher Education Entrance Qualifications in Germany and Switzerland

教育扩张背景下,关于高等教育布局、高校教育任务和高校入学资格设计的国际策略是丰富多样的。在共通的文化逻辑和经典的职业教育理念支撑下,德国和瑞士对于高校入学资格的设计在一定程度上是以相似进程发展的:为积极回应教育扩张和分化的要求,科学地纳入了职业教育元素,促进高校入学资格的类型分化,在纯粹的职业教育与学术教育之间建立起混合路径,增强了国家教育体系的发展性、规制性和融通性。然而,两国在高校入学资格的具体安排上有所不同:德国更加注重类型的包容性以及与高等学校类型的绑定关系,瑞士则更加侧重类型的平行性以及与中等学校类型的绑定关系。通过深入分析两国高校入学资格的制度安排,管窥职业教育与高校教育发展并重的德语圈国家,如何通过高校入学资格类型分化实现职业与学术的跨界融通,为职业教育与学术教育协同创新提供启示。

In the context of educational expansion,international strategies for the layout of tertiary education,the tasks of higher education institution and the design of higher education entrance qualifications are rich and varied.With the support of the common cultural logic and classical vocational educational concepts,the German and Swiss higher education entrance qualification systems have developed in a somewhat similar process:through the combined effect of the differentiation of schools and universities,the scientific inclusion of vocational education/elements promotes the differentiation of types of higher education entrance qualification,creates a hybrid path between purely vocational education and academic education,and promotes the regulation and permeability of the national education system.However,there are still different orientations in the specific arrangements for the system of higher education entrance qualifications.Germany pays more attention to the inclusiveness of types and the binding relationship with universities,while Switzerland pays more attention to the parallelism of types and the binding relationship with schools.By exploring the similarities and differences in the higher education entrance qualification systems of Germany and Switzerland,we can see how the cross-border integration of vocational and academic education can be realized through the differentiation of higher education entrance qualifications in German-speaking countries,where the development of vocational and higher education is given equal importance,so as to provide inspiration for the synergistic innovation of vocational and higher education.