家庭功能视角下“半留守”儿童适应问题研究

The Adaptation of“Semileftbehind”Children from the Perspective of Family Function

近年来,我国劳动力外出务工情形发生巨大变化,向东南沿海地区集中的务工趋势逐年改变,就近就业、返乡自主创业等多种就业模式基本形成。这部分劳动力虽然在外工作,但距家乡较近,可以保持时间间隔相对较短的周期性返乡探亲,其子女在家乡处于一种既非普通儿童又非留守儿童的特殊的“半留守”状态。本研究将因父母双方或一方外出务工而留守在家乡且父母周期性回家频率在半年内的儿童及青少年界定为半留守儿童,从家庭功能理论的视角,对比分析了半留守儿童、留守儿童、非留守儿童的学业适应、心理适应和社会适应现状。结果表明,半留守儿童的学业适应、心理适应及社会适应状况均优于留守儿童,但弱于非留守儿童,家庭功能在其中发挥中介作用。基于此,本研究从家庭、学校、政策、法律法规等方面提出针对半留守儿童的教育建议。

In recent years,great changes have taken place in the movement tendency of China's labor force:migrant workers from rural areas who were attracted to southeastern coastal areas in the last decades have gradually chosen to get employed or start businesses in cities near their hometowns.Their children who are left in the hometowns can be visited regularly by the parents thanks to employment near hometowns,thus these children are in a“semileftbehind”state,which is different from that of regular children and from totally leftbehind children.“Semileftbehind”children in this study refer to children or teenagers who are left behind in their hometown because their parents go out for work and return home periodically within every half a year.The three groups(i.e.,semileftbehind children,leftbehind children,and nonleftbehind children)were surveyed to understand the status quo of academic adaptation,psychological adaptation,and social adaptation of semileftbehind children.The results showed that semileftbehind children demonstrated enhanced academic,psychological,and social adaptation than leftbehind children,but showed weaker adaptation than nonleftbehind children,with family function(i.e.,family cohesion and adaptability)mediating the relationships.Educational recommendations for semileftbehind children in terms of family,school,policies,laws and regulations are discussed.