风景园林美感探究——景的人境感应机制与景境回路设计原理

Exploration of the Aesthetic of Landscape Architecture:Mechanism of Perception and Interaction between Human and Environment of"Jing"and the Principles of"Jing"Environment Circuit Design

围绕风景园林美感的研究对象、个体与群体、文化与科学、误区与症结、研究战略、如何创新突破等问题,以“景”为主线,揭示风景园林美感成因与机制的流变性,构建景境回路设计原理。分别从哲学、人居环境学、风景园林学三方面展开,构建景的“人-境互动”模型,剖析景作为风景园林美感的源头、成因、机制作用,揭示景的“人-境互动”流变机制。为此,分析论述了景与园、与意境的关系,提出“经”的概念。进一步阐明了建筑学非生命美学与风景园林生命美学的根本差别及因偏离了基于生命美学的风景园林美学分析评价的基本方向性误导,主张以风景园林的过程动态感受主导风景园林美感评价,指出流变性这一风景园林美感美学的内在属性,提出以“景流”作为评价风景园林美感的准则和标准,并为风景园林美感流变理论奠定基础。具体成果如下:1)提出了“风景园林美感流变理论”雏形;2)发展中国传统八景理论,提出了主观、客观、主客观结合的“3类八景”24位元素及其8条风景园林美感规划设计的流变线索;3)基于美感流变理论,构建了由回路、景境、景阻、景势、景流组成的“景境回路设计原理”。

Focusing on the research subjects,individuals and groups,culture and science,misunderstandings and crux,research strategies,how to innovate and break through,this paper takes"jing"as the main line,reveals the rheology of the causes and mechanisms of landscape aesthetic,and builds the principle of landscape circuit design.From the three aspects of philosophy,human settlements,and landscape architecture,the research builds a"human-environment interaction"model of landscape,analyzes the source,cause and mechanism of the beauty of the landscape architecture of"jing",and reveals the flow of"human-environment interaction"mechanism of"jing".To this end,the relationship between"jing"and garden,"jing"and the intention of the environment are analyzed and discussed,and the concept of"experience of jing"is put forward.It further clarifies the fundamental difference between the non-life aesthetics of architecture and the life aesthetics of the landscape architecture and its deviation from the basic direction of the analysis and evaluation of landscape aesthetics based on life aesthetics.